Nokea
The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the:
- A. pons
- B. medulla oblongata
- C. midbrain
- D. cerebrum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata contains vital centers for controlling heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting. The pons, midbrain, cerebrum, and hypothalamus are not primarily responsible for these functions. Therefore, B is the correct answer.
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Joe asks the nurse why he must be turned every 2 hours. The nurse explains that he is susceptible to developing decubitus ulcers primarily because
- A. nutritional requirements are increased in the paralyzed patient
- B. muscle spasms cause flexion contractures
- C. retention of waste products causes metabolic acidosis
- D. lack of muscle activity results in poor circulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Poor circulation from lack of muscle activity increases ulcer risk.
As the community health nurse, you meet with Mrs. Rollo 1 week after discharge. She complains to you of increasing joint pain and stiffness despite adherence to the discharge plan for medication therapy and heat treatments. Which of the following aspects would you initially want to evaluate?
- A. Diet
- B. Balance between exercise and rest
- C. Use of fad diet or appliances
- D. Feelings of self-worth and self-concept
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Imbalance between exercise and rest can exacerbate joint pain and stiffness.
An important nursing intervention for the patient with ankylosing spondylitis is to teach the patient to do what?
- A. Wear roomy shoes with good orthotic support.
- B. Sleep on the side with the knees and hips flexed.
- C. Keep the spine slightly flexed while sitting, standing, or walking.
- D. Perform back, neck, and chest stretches and deep-breathing exercises.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stretching exercises maintain flexibility.
The job of the Nervous System is:
- A. to receive stimulus as sensory input.
- B. integration of stimulus with reaction.
- C. to trigger action as a motor response or motor output.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nervous system performs three primary functions: receiving sensory input, integrating and processing this input, and triggering motor responses. Sensory input involves detecting stimuli from the environment or within the body. Integration occurs in the brain and spinal cord, where information is processed. Motor output involves sending signals to muscles or glands to produce a response. Therefore, the nervous system's job encompasses all these functions, making 'All of the above' the correct answer.
A patient is brought to the emergency department with an injured lower left leg following a fall while rock climbing. The nurse identifies the presence of a fracture based on what cardinal sign of fracture?
- A. Muscle spasms
- B. Obvious deformity
- C. Edema and swelling
- D. Pain and tenderness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obvious deformity is a clear indicator of a fracture.