Nokea
Three body systems work at different speeds to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal. What is the order of effectiveness for these three systems?
- A. Blood buffers kidneys and lungs
- B. Kidneys lungs and blood buffers
- C. Blood buffers lungs and kidneys
- D. Lungs kidneys and blood buffers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The three systems are blood buffers, lungs, and kidneys. The blood buffers' speed is a fraction of a second, the lungs take minutes, and the kidneys take hours to days.
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The nurse explains that a normal adult will lose approximately 350 mL of water through respiration in the course of a(n) __.
Correct Answer: day
Rationale: Adults lose about 350 mL of water daily through respiration.
When a patient takes substances into the body they first enter the extracellular compartment. What must the substances enter to carry out their function?
- A. Horizontal compartment
- B. Intracellular compartment
- C. Compartmental
- D. Vertical compartment
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To carry out their function, substances must enter the cell.
What should the nurse focus on when creating a nursing care plan for a patient with metabolic acidosis?
- A. Frequent periods of ambulation
- B. Increasing fluid intake
- C. Decreasing fluid intake
- D. Deep-breathing exercises
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Deep breathing will cause the patient to blow off CO2 and assist in increasing the pH and reduce the acidity.
A child has been having an asthma attack for the last 8 hours. Because of the child's inability to exhale effectively the nurse assesses for respiratory __.
Correct Answer: acidosis
Rationale: Retained CO2 will lead to respiratory acidosis.
When administering intravenous (IV) fluids the nurse ensures that the IV fluids are infusing as ordered to prevent dehydration in an adult. When could dehydration become lethal?
- A. If the patient loses 5% of body fluid
- B. If the patient loses 10% of body fluid
- C. If the patient loses 15% of body fluid
- D. If the patient loses 20% of body fluid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A loss of 20% of body fluid in an adult is fatal.