Nokea
Two amino acids are chemically joined by a:
- A. double bond.
- B. hydrogen bond.
- C. carboxyl bond.
- D. peptide bond.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, peptide bond. A peptide bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another amino acid. This bond is crucial in protein synthesis. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A double bond involves sharing two pairs of electrons, a hydrogen bond is a weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom, and a carboxyl bond is not a common term in biochemistry.
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Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
- A. Glucose.
- B. Fructose.
- C. Galactose.
- D. Maltose.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
How many amino acids are considered indispensable or essential?
- A. 9
- B. 10
- C. 12
- D. 14
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 9. Nine amino acids are considered essential or indispensable because they cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet. These amino acids include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the number of essential amino acids is specifically 9, as they are crucial for various bodily functions.
What can excessive intakes of dietary protein do?
- A. cause vitamin deficiencies.
- B. impair kidney function.
- C. increase weight loss.
- D. decrease production of indispensable amino acids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excessive intake of dietary protein can lead to impaired kidney function over time. Excessive protein consumption can put a strain on the kidneys as they work to eliminate the byproducts of protein metabolism. This can potentially lead to kidney damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Excessive protein intake is not directly linked to causing vitamin deficiencies, increasing weight loss, or decreasing the production of indispensable amino acids.
Which of the following is an example of a complete protein?
- A. Milk
- B. Soy
- C. Sesame seeds
- D. Sweet potato
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Milk. Milk is considered a complete protein as it contains all the essential amino acids required by the body. Soy (choice B) is also a complete protein, containing all essential amino acids. Sesame seeds (choice C) and sweet potato (choice D) are not complete proteins as they lack one or more essential amino acids needed by the body.
What role do the amino acids methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan play?
- A. Forming neurotransmitters.
- B. Blocking excess protein breakdown.
- C. Increasing production of insulin and thyroxine.
- D. Decreasing energy expenditure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Forming neurotransmitters. Methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are important amino acids involved in the production of neurotransmitters in the body. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals across nerve cells, influencing various functions such as mood, memory, and muscle control. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because these amino acids do not primarily play a role in blocking protein breakdown, increasing insulin and thyroxine production, or decreasing energy expenditure.