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Two nursing students are discussing psychiatric-mental health nursing and the role it has played in nursing?s overall history. Which statement is most accurate?
- A. The importance of using therapeutic communication was stressed by Nightingale.
- B. The use of self-care to enhance the immune system was taught by Dorothea Dix.
- C. The moral treatment of mental illness was a primary focus of deinstitutionalization.
- D. Peplau was the first nurse to stress the importance of therapeutic communication.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau, in her work Interpersonal Relations in Nursing (1952), was the first nurse to emphasize the importance of therapeutic communication, focusing on the nurse-patient relationship as a cornerstone of psychiatric nursing practice.
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As part of a career day presentation to a group of nursing students, a psychiatric-mental health nurse plans to describe how this specialty developed. Which individual would the nurse describe as playing a major role in the development of specialty training programs for psychiatric nurses?
- A. Mary Adelaide Nutting
- B. Hildegarde Peplau
- C. Harriet Bailey
- D. Linda Richards
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hildegard Peplau played a pivotal role in developing specialty training programs for psychiatric nurses, notably through her establishment of the first graduate program in psychiatric nursing at Rutgers University in 1954 and her foundational work in psychiatric nursing theory.
A group of students are reviewing information about mental health care after World War II. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify which of the following as a result of the National Mental Health Act?
- A. Discovery of psychopharmacology
- B. Passage of the Hill-Burton Act
- C. Establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health
- D. Development of community mental health centers
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The National Mental Health Act of 1946 led to the establishment of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), which funded research and training to improve mental health care, marking a significant post-World War II advancement.
When reviewing the evolution of mental health and illness care, which event is associated with mental disorders beginning to be viewed as illnesses requiring treatment?
- A. Establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia
- B. Quaker establishment of asylums
- C. Creation of the state hospital system
- D. Freud?s views on the causes of mental illnesses
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The establishment of Pennsylvania Hospital in Philadelphia (1751) included a section for the mentally ill, marking one of the earliest instances in the U.S. where mental disorders were recognized as illnesses requiring treatment, rather than mere social deviance.
A psychiatric-mental health nurse is working on a committee that is developing programs that integrate the objectives for mental health and mental disorders as identified in Healthy People 2020. Which type of program would be least appropriate?
- A. Single substance abuse treatment programs
- B. Depression screening programs for primary care providers
- C. Mental health programs for the homeless population
- D. Employment programs for those with serious mental illness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2020 emphasizes integrated, comprehensive mental health care. Single substance abuse treatment programs, which focus narrowly on one issue without addressing co-occurring mental health disorders, are less aligned with the holistic, integrated objectives of Healthy People 2020 compared to the other options.
The following are important legislative and policy efforts influencing current mental health care. Which of the following is the most recent?
- A. Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General
- B. New Freedom Commission on Mental Health
- C. Action for Mental Health
- D. Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003) is the most recent, followed by *Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General* (1999), *Action for Mental Health* (1961), and the *Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act* (1963).