Nokea
What are the four structural heart anomalies that make up the tetralogy of Fallot? (Select the four that apply.)
- A. Hypertrophied right ventricle
- B. Patent ductus arteriosus
- C. Ventral septal defect
- D. Narrowing of pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The four anomalies that comprise tetralogy of Fallot are hypertrophied right ventricle, patent ductus arteriosus, stenosis of pulmonary artery, and dextroposition of the aorta.
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A client with a liver abscess undergoes surgical evacuation and drainage of the abscess. Which laboratory value is most important for the nurse to monitor following the procedure?
- A. Serum creatinine
- B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- C. White blood cell count
- D. Serum glucose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring WBC is essential to assess for infection or signs of abscess recurrence after the procedure.
The following antibodies are seen in the conditions mentioned:
- A. Anti-endomysial antibodies in coeliac disease
- B. Anti-insulin receptor antibodies in diabetes mellitus
- C. Anti-epidermal antibodies in vitiligo
- D. Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in spinal muscular atrophy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-endomysial antibodies are specifically associated with coeliac disease, making (a) the correct answer. The other options are incorrect as they describe antibodies associated with different conditions.
Recognised features of constrictive pericarditis are:
- A. Increased fatiguability
- B. Precordial pain
- C. Abdominal distension
- D. Parasternal heave
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Abdominal distension is a recognized feature of constrictive pericarditis due to impaired venous return and hepatic congestion.
All the following are causes of chronic pulmonary venous hypertension EXCEPT
- A. congenital mitral stenosis
- B. total anomalous pulmonary venous return with obstruction
- C. peripheral pulmonary stenosis
- D. cor triatriatum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral pulmonary stenosis does not directly cause chronic pulmonary venous hypertension.
The following investigations are not needed in a 3-year old on TPN for the past 3 weeks:
- A. Serum selenium
- B. Serum manganese
- C. Serum iron
- D. Serum calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because serum iron is not typically monitored in children on total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The other options (a, b, d, e) are commonly monitored to prevent deficiencies or toxicities.