Nokea
What findings are commonly found in a patient with a prolactinoma?
- A. Gynecomastia in men
- B. Profuse menstruation in women
- C. Excess follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
- D. Signs of increased intracranial pressure, including headache, nausea, and vomiting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prolactinomas often cause gynecomastia in men and other symptoms due to increased prolactin secretion.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following steroids is an androgen?
- A. Progesterone
- B. Testosterone
- C. Estrogen
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Testosterone is an androgen hormone primarily produced in the testes.
2. Androgens are responsible for male characteristics and reproductive functions.
3. Progesterone is a female sex hormone, not an androgen.
4. Estrogen is also a female sex hormone, not an androgen.
5. Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone, not an androgen.
Summary:
Testosterone is the correct answer as it is a male sex hormone with androgenic properties. Progesterone, estrogen, and aldosterone are not androgens and do not exhibit the same functions as testosterone.
Injecting cocaine may cause a hypertensive crisis or stroke, and if the cocaine is inhaled frequently, it may destroy the tissues in the nose. Which of the following best describes how cocaine causes these adverse effects?
- A. Blocks alpha adrenergic receptors
- B. Blocks muscarinic receptors for ACh
- C. Blocks reuptake of noradrenaline released from adrenergic nerves
- D. Depletes norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cocaine blocks the reuptake of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerves, leading to excessive stimulation of adrenergic receptors. This causes increased blood pressure, which can result in a hypertensive crisis or stroke. Additionally, the vasoconstrictive effects of excess noradrenaline can lead to tissue damage in the nose when cocaine is inhaled frequently. Choices A and B are incorrect because cocaine does not directly block alpha adrenergic or muscarinic receptors. Choice D is incorrect because cocaine does not deplete norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve endings but rather increases its concentration by blocking reuptake.
Most hormones of the endocrine system are regulated by a .
- A. hormone-gene complex
- B. hormone-receptor complex
- C. negative feedback mechanism
- D. positive feedback mechanism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: negative feedback mechanism. This is because the majority of hormones in the endocrine system are regulated by a feedback loop that maintains homeostasis by inhibiting further hormone production when levels are too high and stimulating production when levels are too low. This negative feedback mechanism ensures that hormone levels remain within a narrow range.
A: hormone-gene complex is incorrect as hormones are not primarily regulated by direct interactions with genes.
B: hormone-receptor complex is incorrect as receptors are involved in hormone action, not regulation.
D: positive feedback mechanism is incorrect as it would lead to an amplification of hormone production, which is not typically seen in the endocrine system to maintain stability.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has excessive catecholamine release. Which assessment finding would the nurse correlate with this condition?
- A. Decreased blood pressure
- B. Increased pulse
- C. Decreased respiratory rate
- D. Increased urine output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased pulse. Excessive catecholamine release, such as in a stress response, leads to sympathetic nervous system activation causing an increase in heart rate (pulse). This physiological response is known as the "fight or flight" response. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as catecholamine release typically leads to increased blood pressure, increased respiratory rate, and decreased urine output due to vasoconstriction, increased oxygen demand, and fluid retention respectively.
All of the following drugs are parasympatholytic drugs EXCEPT:
- A. Hyoscine
- B. Atropine
- C. Pilocarpine
- D. Ipratropium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pilocarpine. Parasympatholytic drugs inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system. Pilocarpine, on the other hand, is a parasympathomimetic drug that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. Hyoscine, Atropine, and Ipratropium are all parasympatholytic drugs that block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Therefore, pilocarpine is the exception in this list.