Nokea
What is meant by the term biodiversity?
- A. an increase in the number of different species that live in an area
- B. how organisms and their environment interact
- C. the number of different animals that live in an area
- D. the number of different species that live in an area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, specifically the number of different species present. This term encompasses all forms of life, from bacteria to plants to animals. Choice A is incorrect as it only focuses on the increase in the number of species, not the overall diversity. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the interaction between organisms and their environment, not the diversity of species. Choice C is incorrect as it limits biodiversity to only animals, neglecting the importance of other living organisms in an ecosystem.
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Testosterone is best described as:
- A. virilizing.
- B. lactogenic.
- C. adenohypophyseal.
- D. pancreatic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Testosterone is best described as virilizing because it is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male characteristics such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle mass. It plays a key role in virilization. The other choices, lactogenic, adenohypophyseal, and pancreatic, are incorrect because testosterone is not primarily associated with lactation, the anterior pituitary gland, or the pancreas.
What Does Somatostatin Do?
- A. Inhibits release of insulin and glucagon
- B. Stimulates release of insulin and glucagon
- C. Stimulates glucagon release while inhibits insulin release
- D. Inhibits glucagon release while stimulates insulin release
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because somatostatin inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon. This hormone acts as a regulator of the endocrine system by suppressing the secretion of these hormones. By inhibiting the release of insulin, somatostatin helps to prevent hypoglycemia, while inhibiting glucagon release helps to maintain blood glucose levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the function of somatostatin in regulating the release of insulin and glucagon. B stimulates the release of both hormones, C stimulates glucagon while inhibits insulin, and D inhibits glucagon while stimulates insulin, which are all contradictory to the known actions of somatostatin.
All are characteristics of smooth muscle, except?
- A. Usually forms 2 layers at right angles to each other
- B. Utilizes troponin to help initiate muscle contraction
- C. Contains no striations
- D. Action potentials travel between muscle fibers quickly via tight junctions
Correct Answer: b
Rationale: The correct answer is B because smooth muscle does not utilize troponin to help initiate muscle contraction. Instead, smooth muscle contraction is regulated by calcium-calmodulin complex.
A: True - Smooth muscle usually forms 2 layers at right angles to each other.
C: True - Smooth muscle contains no striations.
D: False - Action potentials in smooth muscle travel slowly via gap junctions, not tight junctions.
Which hormone is produced by the pancreas and acts on the liver to increase blood glucose levels?
- A. glucagon; liver
- B. melatonin; liver
- C. glucagon; kidney
- D. calcitonin; thyroid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: glucagon is produced by the pancreas and acts on the liver to increase blood glucose levels. Glucagon triggers the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, releasing it into the bloodstream. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and is not involved in glucose regulation. Glucagon does not act on the kidney but specifically targets the liver. Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a role in calcium regulation, not glucose metabolism.
The diabetic patient has all of these assessment findings. Which will you instruct the LPN/LVN to report immediately?
- A. Fingerstick glucose of 185 mg/dL
- B. Numbness and tingling in both feet
- C. Profuse perspiration
- D. Bunion on left great toe
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Numbness and tingling in both feet are signs of diabetic neuropathy and could be indicative of a worsening condition that requires immediate reporting.