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What is the formula of aluminium sulfate?
- A. Al2(SO4)3
- B. Al2(SO3)4
- C. Al4(SO4)2
- D. Al4(SO3)2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct formula for aluminium sulfate is Al2(SO4)3. This is because aluminium has a 3+ charge while sulfate has a 2- charge, requiring two aluminium ions to balance three sulfate ions. Choice B (Al2(SO3)4) is incorrect because sulfate ions have a 2- charge, not sulfite ions (SO3). Choices C (Al4(SO4)2) and D (Al4(SO3)2) have incorrect subscripts for the elements, not following the correct charge balance.
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Which one of the following hormones is secreted by neurones?
- A. Insulin
- B. Oxytocin
- C. Thyroid stimulating hormone
- D. Cortisol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxytocin. Neurones secrete oxytocin, a hormone involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation. Neurones release oxytocin from the hypothalamus into the bloodstream. Insulin is secreted by pancreatic cells, not neurones. Thyroid stimulating hormone is produced by the pituitary gland, and cortisol is released by the adrenal glands. Therefore, the correct answer is oxytocin as it is the hormone secreted by neurones.
Water-soluble hormones exhibit the shortest __________.
- A. half-life
- B. activation time
- C. molecule
- D. chain of amino acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: half-life. Water-soluble hormones have a shorter half-life compared to lipid-soluble hormones because they are quickly metabolized and excreted from the body. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: Activation time is not directly related to the solubility of hormones.
C: The size of the hormone molecule doesn't determine its solubility in water.
D: The chain of amino acids may vary in different types of hormones, but it doesn't necessarily dictate their solubility.
The secretion of this gland enhances a sympathetic response.
- A. Adrenal medulla
- B. Pancreas
- C. Adrenal cortex
- D. Parathyroid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that enhance the sympathetic response of the body. This response includes increased heart rate, dilation of airways, and increased blood flow to muscles. The other choices, B: Pancreas, C: Adrenal cortex, and D: Parathyroid, do not directly enhance sympathetic responses. The pancreas regulates blood sugar levels, the adrenal cortex produces cortisol and aldosterone, and the parathyroid regulates calcium levels. Therefore, only the adrenal medulla directly contributes to the sympathetic response, making it the correct choice.
Which part of pancreas lies near the hilum of the spleen?
- A. Head
- B. Neck
- C. Body
- D. Tail
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The pancreas is an elongated organ located behind the stomach.
Step 2: The tail of the pancreas is the left end of the organ and is closest to the hilum of the spleen.
Step 3: The spleen and the tail of the pancreas are adjacent to each other in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D: Tail.
Summary:
- A: Head is incorrect as it is the right end of the pancreas, farther away from the spleen.
- B: Neck is incorrect as it is the narrow portion between the head and body, not near the spleen.
- C: Body is incorrect as it is the central and longest part of the pancreas, not near the spleen.
- D: Tail is correct as it is the left end of the pancreas, nearest to the hilum of the spleen.
For the patient with hyperthyroidism, what intervention should you delegate to the experienced certified nursing assistant?
- A. Instruct the patient to report palpitations, dyspnea, vertigo, or chest pain.
- B. Check the apical pulse, blood pressure, and temperature every 4 hours.
- C. Draw blood for thyroid-stimulating hormone, T3, and T4 levels.
- D. Explain the side effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) to the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Checking the apical pulse, blood pressure, and temperature every 4 hours is within the scope of practice for a certified nursing assistant and helps monitor the patient's condition.