Nokea
What is the name of the change of state?
- A. condensation
- B. evaporation
- C. melting
- D. solidification
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: solidification. Solidification is the process in which a substance changes from a liquid state to a solid state by losing heat energy. In this process, the particles slow down and come closer together, forming a solid structure.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid, not from liquid to solid.
B: Evaporation is the change of state from liquid to gas, not from liquid to solid.
C: Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid, not from liquid to solid.
In summary, the process described in the question, changing from a liquid state to a solid state, is known as solidification, making it the correct answer.
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This is Not an Endocrine Gland
- A. Adrenal
- B. Pituitary
- C. Lacrimal
- D. Thyroid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lacrimal gland. The lacrimal gland is not an endocrine gland because it does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream. It produces tears to lubricate and cleanse the eyes. Adrenal, Pituitary, and Thyroid glands are endocrine glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various functions in the body. Adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline, Pituitary gland regulates other endocrine glands, and Thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones. Therefore, Lacrimal gland is the correct answer as it does not secrete hormones into the bloodstream like the other choices.
Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?
- A. Catecholamines
- B. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
- C. Fight-or-flight response
- D. Sugar, salt, and sex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the adrenal medulla is primarily involved in the production of catecholamines, specifically epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are associated with the fight-or-flight response. This response is triggered by stress and prepares the body for action by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow. On the other hand, the regulation of sugar, salt, and sex hormones is mainly controlled by the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla. Therefore, while choices A, B, and C are directly related to the adrenal medulla's function, choice D is least associated with it.
Propranolol is contraindicated in:
- A. Angina pectoris
- B. Bronchial asthma
- C. Hypertension
- D. Arrhythmia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can cause bronchoconstriction, making it contraindicated in bronchial asthma. It can worsen asthma symptoms by blocking beta-2 receptors in the lungs. Angina pectoris, hypertension, and arrhythmia are conditions where propranolol is commonly used due to its beta-blocking effects on the heart and blood vessels.
Hormones can be put into two categories based on chemical makeup. What are these categories?
- A. glands and cortex
- B. proteins and carbohydrates
- C. peptides (proteins) and steroids
- D. endocrine and ectocrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: peptides (proteins) and steroids. Peptides and steroids are the two main categories of hormones based on their chemical makeup. Peptides are made up of amino acids and include proteins, while steroids are derived from cholesterol. This classification is essential because it determines how hormones are synthesized and how they interact with target cells. Glands and cortex (option A) do not represent the chemical makeup of hormones, proteins and carbohydrates (option B) are broad categories that do not specifically address hormone types, and endocrine and ectocrine (option D) refer to different types of glands, not the chemical composition of hormones.
Which of the following hormones is released in response to a nerve impulse?
- A. ADH
- B. cortisol
- C. testosterone
- D. insulin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone). ADH is released in response to a nerve impulse to regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. Nerve impulses trigger the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland. Cortisol (B) is released in response to stress, testosterone (C) is a sex hormone, and insulin (D) is released in response to high blood sugar levels, not nerve impulses.