Nokea
What manifestations of endocrine problems in the older adult are commonly attributed to the aging process?
- A. Tremors and paresthesias
- B. Fatigue and mental impairment
- C. Hyperpigmentation and oily skin
- D. Fluid retention and hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fatigue and mental impairment are often attributed to normal aging but may indicate an underlying endocrine disorder such as hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency.
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Growth hormone:
- A. is secreted by the adenohypophysis.
- B. stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system.
- C. is also called somatotropic hormone.
- D. all is applicable.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because growth hormone is indeed secreted by the adenohypophysis, it stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system, and it is also known as somatotropic hormone. All the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding growth hormone, making option D the correct choice. The other choices are incorrect because they do not encompass all the functions and characteristics of growth hormone as described in the question.
The nurse is assessing a client who exhibits spontaneous spasm of the fingers or toes, mouth twitching or jaw tightening when he taps the cheek anteriorly to the earlobe. What sign does the nurse identify to document in the chart that is consistent with tetany?
- A. Lhermitte's sign
- B. Trousseau's sign
- C. Chvostek's sign
- D. Bulge sign
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chvostek's sign is a positive sign of tetany, where tapping the cheek causes twitching of the facial muscles, indicating low calcium levels.
Adverse effects of atropine include the following EXCEPT:
- A. Excessive salivation
- B. Retention of urine
- C. Sinus tachycardia
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excessive salivation. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication that blocks the action of acetylcholine, leading to decreased secretions including saliva. Excessive salivation is not an adverse effect but rather a therapeutic effect of atropine. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because retention of urine, sinus tachycardia, and constipation are known adverse effects of atropine due to its anticholinergic properties.
Which statements about air pollutants are correct?
- A. 1 and 2
- B. 1 and 3
- C. 2 and 4
- D. 3 and 4
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Certainly! The correct answer is D because it includes statements 3 and 4, which are both true. Statement 3 is correct, as air pollutants can lead to various health issues. Statement 4 is also accurate, as air pollutants can contribute to environmental degradation. Statements 1 and 2 are incorrect as they are not included in the correct answer. Statement 1 may not be universally applicable, and statement 2 does not cover the broad impact of air pollutants on both health and the environment as indicated in statements 3 and 4. Therefore, choice D is the most accurate based on the information provided.
Each of the following parasympathomimetics is paired with an appropriate therapeutic use EXCEPT:
- A. Physostigmine - eye drops in glaucoma
- B. Neostigmine - postoperative retention of urine
- C. Edrophonium - diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
- D. Parathion - organophosphorus poisoning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because parathion is not a parasympathomimetic drug; it is an organophosphorus insecticide. Physostigmine (A), Neostigmine (B), and Edrophonium (C) are all parasympathomimetics used for their respective therapeutic purposes. Physostigmine is used in glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure, Neostigmine is used to treat postoperative urinary retention by improving bladder emptying, and Edrophonium is used in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis by temporarily improving muscle strength. In contrast, parathion is not a medication but a toxic substance used in insecticides, and it does not have any therapeutic use as a parasympathomimetic drug.