Nokea
What procedure does a nurse use to assess the inguinal ring of a male patient for a hernia?
- A. Asks the patient to lie supine, lifts the scrotum, asks the patient to take a deep breath, and observes for a bulge
- B. Asks the patient to lean over the examination table, inserts a gloved finger into the lower part of the scrotum into the inguinal canal, asks the patient to cough, and palpates for a bulge
- C. Asks the patient to lie on the side not being assessed, inserts a gloved finger into the lower part of the scrotum into the inguinal canal, asks the patient to exhale completely, and palpates for a bulge
- D. Asks the patient to stand, inserts a gloved finger into the lower part of the scrotum into the inguinal canal, asks the patient to cough, and palpates for a bulge
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nurse should assess the inguinal ring with the patient standing. This position allows gravity to aid in the detection of a hernia. By asking the patient to cough, intra-abdominal pressure increases, making any bulge more noticeable. Palpating for a bulge while the patient coughs helps to confirm the presence of a hernia.
Choice A is incorrect because assessing the inguinal ring with the patient lying supine does not utilize gravity to assist in detecting a hernia.
Choice B is incorrect because inserting a gloved finger into the lower part of the scrotum is not a proper technique for assessing the inguinal ring for a hernia in a male patient.
Choice C is incorrect because asking the patient to lie on the side not being assessed does not provide the optimal position for assessing the inguinal ring for a hernia.
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The outside layer of the oocyte is the _____.
- A. theca interna
- B. theca externa
- C. zona pellucida
- D. antrum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: zona pellucida. The zona pellucida is the glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte. It plays a crucial role in fertilization by binding sperm and facilitating the acrosome reaction. The theca interna and externa are layers surrounding the ovarian follicle, not the oocyte itself. The antrum is a fluid-filled cavity within the follicle, not the outer layer of the oocyte. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it directly relates to the outer layer of the oocyte.
Umbilical cord contains _________
- A. Pluripotent stem cells
- B. Cord blood stem cells
- C. Blood stem cells
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cord blood stem cells. Umbilical cord blood contains stem cells that are collected from the blood in the umbilical cord and placenta after a baby is born. These stem cells are known as cord blood stem cells, which are multipotent and have the potential to develop into various types of cells in the body. Pluripotent stem cells (choice A) refer to stem cells that can differentiate into almost any cell type, which is not specifically present in the umbilical cord. Blood stem cells (choice C) are found in bone marrow and are responsible for producing blood cells, but they are not the primary type of stem cells found in umbilical cord blood. Choice D is incorrect because umbilical cord blood indeed contains cord blood stem cells.
_____________________ is a vascular organ that is formed within the uterine wall
- A. Amnion
- B. Chorion
- C. Placenta
- D. Endometrium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Placenta. The placenta is a vascular organ that develops within the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a connection between the mother and fetus for nutrient and waste exchange. The amnion (A) and chorion (B) are fetal membranes, not vascular organs, and the endometrium (D) is the inner lining of the uterus where the placenta attaches.
Which of the following decreases the resistance in the arteries leading to the sinuses of the penis?
- A. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the arteries
- B. Nitric oxide
- C. Inhibition of activity of the parasympathetic nerves leading to the arteries
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle in the arterial walls, leading to decreased resistance in the arteries. This results in increased blood flow to the sinuses of the penis, contributing to erectile function.
A: Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves innervating the arteries would actually increase resistance by causing vasoconstriction.
C: Inhibition of activity of the parasympathetic nerves leading to the arteries would also increase resistance as parasympathetic stimulation typically leads to vasodilation.
Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly causes vasodilation and decreases resistance in the arteries leading to the sinuses of the penis, which is essential for erectile function.
Which hormone promotes the final step of spermatogenesis?
- A. Relaxin
- B. Testosterone
- C. Inhibin
- D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Testosterone. Testosterone promotes the final step of spermatogenesis, which is the maturation of spermatids into spermatozoa. Testosterone is essential for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics.
Choice A, Relaxin, is not involved in spermatogenesis. Choice C, Inhibin, regulates FSH secretion but does not directly promote the final step of spermatogenesis. Choice D, Estrogen, is a female sex hormone and not directly involved in spermatogenesis.