Nokea
What sign/symptom would NOT be associated with infant botulism?
- A. difficulty suckling
- B. limp body
- C. stiff neck
- D. weak cry
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: stiff neck. Infant botulism is characterized by muscle weakness, including difficulty suckling, a limp body, and a weak cry. A stiff neck is not typically associated with infant botulism. The toxin affects the nervous system, causing muscle paralysis, but does not typically lead to neck stiffness. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they are all common signs and symptoms of infant botulism, reflecting the muscle weakness and paralysis caused by the toxin.
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The patient had a fracture. At 3 weeks to 6 months there is clinical union, and this is the first stage of healing that is sufficient to prevent movement of the fracture site when the bones are gently stressed. How is this stage of fracture healing documented?
- A. Ossification
- B. Remodeling
- C. Consolidation
- D. Callus formation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Consolidation refers to the stage where the fracture is stable enough to prevent movement when gently stressed.
A patient arrived in the ER with a head injury. She is unconscious. The physician and a fellow nurse are the only staff members near the patient. Her husband begins to criticize the attending physician and suggest that a different physician should care for this patient. What is the best response?
- A. Report the nurse to the attending physician.
- B. Call the nurse away from the patient and remind him that the patient can still hear even if unconscious.
- C. Ask the nurse why he has such feelings.
- D. Simply nod your head in agreement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Unconscious patients can still perceive their surroundings; thus, maintaining professional communication is important.
How do neurons communicate with one another?
- A. Electrically
- B. Chemically
- C. Through weak, radio-wave-like impulses
- D. A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurons communicate both electrically and chemically. Electrical signals travel along the neuron's axon, while chemical signals (neurotransmitters) are released at synapses to transmit information to the next neuron. Radio-wave-like impulses are not involved in neural communication. This dual mechanism ensures efficient and precise transmission of information.
Which of the following conditions is the result of a ruptured cerebral blood vessel and the release of blood into the brain tissue?
- A. Ischemic stroke
- B. Transient ischemic attack
- C. Cerebral aneurysm
- D. Hemorrhagic stroke
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hemorrhagic stroke involves bleeding into the brain tissue.
What does an abnormal response in the assessment of the plantar reflex indicate?
- A. Possible neurological dysfunction, such as an upper motor neuron lesion.
- B. Normal reflex response.
- C. Absence of reflex abnormalities.
- D. Clear, coordinated movements.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An abnormal plantar reflex, such as toe extension (Babinski sign), suggests possible upper motor neuron dysfunction. A normal reflex involves toe flexion.