Nokea
Letter from the chair of Elkinsville Ecological Society.
Many of you have heard about the proposes northward expansion of the interstate which currently ends just south of Elkinsville. In the recent debate over how this work will go forward, the focus has been on weighing economic costs and benefits. Indeed, many local politicians claim to favor the project because it will bring in the short term and more visitors to Elkinsville in the long run. These politicians also argue that the proposed plan is the least environmentally damaging way to expand the highway farther upstate. This cannot be true, however, since the proposed expansion involves not just the widening of existing roads, but also the construction of more than a dozen miles of new-terrain highway.
Where is it most likely that readers would encounter this text?
- A. A tenth-grade science textbook at Elkinsville High School.
- B. A brochure from Elkinsville Chamber of Commerce.
- C. A flyer on a bulletin board at Elkinsville City Hall.
- D. The opinion section of the Elkinsville Daily Eagle newspaper.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D - The opinion section of the Elkinsville Daily Eagle newspaper. The text discusses a local issue related to the proposed northward expansion of the interstate near Elkinsville, focusing on economic and environmental aspects. Such local news and opinions are commonly featured in local newspapers. Choices A, B, and C are less likely locations for readers to encounter this text as it is specific to a local debate rather than general science, tourism promotion, or city administration information.
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Hungarian Revolution Timeline
January 18, 1945: Budapest, Hungary, which had been controlled by Nazi Germany, falls to the Soviets.
1945-1955: Hungary is ruled by communist leaders installed by the Soviet government. Communist policies and a secret police force lead to great suffering for the Hungarian people.
October 23, 1956: A student-led peaceful protest of more than 200,000 demonstrators becomes violent after secret police fire on protesters.
October 24, 1956: Soviets appoint Imre Nagy as the Hungarian prime minister. He initiates reform and frees political prisoners.
October 25, 1956: Thousands of protesters assemble outside Parliament. The secret police fire into the crowd, and armed protesters fire back.
November 1, 1956: Nagy announces that Hungary has withdrawn from the Warsaw Pact, its political and military agreement with the Soviet Union.
November 4, 1956: Soviet forces attack Budapest. They quickly overwhelm the Hungarian freedom fighters. An estimated 250,000 Hungarians flee to other countries as refugees.
What historical events does the timeline reveal about Hungary during the specified period?
- A. Hungary was under the control of both Nazi Germany and the Soviets.
- B. The student-led protest turned violent.
- C. The revolution started in 1945.
- D. The Soviet attack on Budapest occurred on November 4th.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The timeline clearly outlines that Hungary was under the control of Nazi Germany until it fell to the Soviets in 1945. This sequence of events demonstrates the dual occupation by both powers during the specified period, showcasing the transition of control from Nazi Germany to the Soviets in Budapest. The subsequent events, such as the installation of communist leaders and the violent suppression of protests, further support the fact that Hungary experienced control by both Nazi Germany and the Soviets. The student-led protest did turn violent, but the primary focus of the timeline is the shift in control from Nazi Germany to the Soviets in Hungary, making this the most significant aspect of Hungary's history during this period.
A Day with Humpbacks
I sit on the headlands of Neah Bay, Washington, and watch a mother humpback and her calf slip through the icy Pacific waters. I recognize this whale by her distinctive tail pattern, as unique to this humpback as my fingerprints are to me. Once, heavy hunting using harpoons extirpated the species from the region, and only a ban on whaling allowed populations of humpbacks to recover.
As this gray female rises to the surface, she exhales, sending up a spout nearly 20 feet high. She rolls on her side and lifts her scalloped-edge flipper in salute, then slaps it on the water. I adjust my lens and take my shot. This is the only type of whale hunting I find acceptable-hunting with a camera.
What is the main idea conveyed in the passage?
- A. Humpback whales are commonly found in the waters near Washington.
- B. Humpback whale populations have rebounded after nearly being eradicated.
- C. The author has never encountered this specific humpback whale before.
- D. Both cameras and harpoons are utilized for hunting humpback whales.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main idea of the passage revolves around the recovery of humpback whale populations. It highlights the historical decline due to heavy hunting, the recognition of individual whales, and the positive impact of the whaling ban on their recovery. The author's experience observing a mother humpback and her calf serves to emphasize the successful rebound of humpback whale populations. Therefore, option B, 'Humpback whale populations have rebounded after nearly being eradicated,' best encapsulates the central theme of the passage.
This label appears on a bottle of over-the-counter cold medicine.
This medication should be used to treat mild respiratory infections. Do not take this product unless directed by a doctor if you have a long-term respiratory problem such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis.
Which of the following statements best summarizes the warning label on a bottle of over-the-counter cold medicine?
- A. This medication is intended to treat long-term respiratory illnesses.
- B. Anyone taking this medication must have a doctor's recommendation.
- C. Patients who have a mild respiratory infection should consult a doctor.
- D. If you have a respiratory problem, take this medication only if directed by a doctor.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The warning label advises individuals with long-term respiratory problems like emphysema or chronic bronchitis to seek a doctor's direction before taking the medication. This implies that if you have a respiratory issue, you should only use this medication under a doctor's guidance. Options A, B, and C do not accurately encapsulate the warning provided on the label, making them incorrect choices.
Hungarian Revolution Timeline
January 18, 1945: Budapest, Hungary, which had been controlled by Nazi Germany, falls to the Soviets.
1945-1955: Hungary is ruled by communist leaders installed by the Soviet government. Communist policies and a secret police force lead to great suffering for the Hungarian people.
October 23, 1956: A student-led peaceful protest of more than 200,000 demonstrators becomes violent after secret police fire on protesters.
October 24, 1956: Soviets appoint Imre Nagy as the Hungarian prime minister. He initiates reform and frees political prisoners.
October 25, 1956: Thousands of protesters assemble outside Parliament. The secret police fire into the crowd, and armed protesters fire back.
November 1, 1956: Nagy announces that Hungary has withdrawn from the Warsaw Pact, its political and military agreement with the Soviet Union.
November 4, 1956: Soviet forces attack Budapest. They quickly overwhelm the Hungarian freedom fighters. An estimated 250,000 Hungarians flee to other countries as refugees.
What conclusion can be drawn from the timeline of the Hungarian Revolution?
- A. Hungary was occupied by both Germans and the Soviets.
- B. The students' protest initiated the revolution.
- C. The revolution started in 1945.
- D. November 4 was the commencement of the Iron Curtain battle.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the timeline clearly shows that Hungary was under the control of Nazi Germany until January 18, 1945, when it fell to the Soviets. This indicates that Hungary was occupied by both Germans and Soviets. While the student-led protest on October 23, 1956, marked a significant event in the revolution, it did not initiate the occupation by the Germans and Soviets. The revolution did not begin in 1945; instead, it started with the student-led protest in 1956. November 4, 1956, marked the Soviet forces' attack on Budapest, not the battle for the Iron Curtain, which refers to the ideological divide between Eastern and Western Europe during the Cold War period.
Alice was not scared. Not at all. Maybe a little bit. But she was determined to confront the ghost in her house. Alice lived in a farmhouse built in 1921. All of the floors and doors were original; the doors even had skeleton key locks. But by far the most terrifying part of the house was the basement. She kept that door locked and ignored the thumps, crashes, and cries that came from below the house. What made Alice determined to confront the ghost today was the especially loud crashes the previous night. She'd gotten no sleep, convinced the ghost was going to break through the door and do something horrible. What, she wasn't sure, but the ghost would do something.
Alice hadn't seen the ghost, but what else could be making loud noises in an old house? The one time she had been down in the basement was after buying the house unseen. Once she saw the shelves with old glass jars, she was a little put off. But what made her keep the door shut and locked was the abrupt end of the concrete floor halfway across the room. Because nothing good ever happened in a basement with a dirt floor. Alice had seen enough horror movies to know that.
Alice stared at the basement door, trying to gather enough confidence to open it and march down the stairs like she owned the place. Because she did-or she would, once she finished paying her mortgage in 30 years. Alice took a deep breath and yanked the door open. She marched down the stairs, only to stop abruptly at the bottom. Because she was face to face with not a ghost at all. It was a calico cat, one who looked utterly unimpressed by her brave journey into the basement.
Which of the following phrases from the passage added humor to an otherwise fearful mood?
- A. Because she did—or she would, once she finished paying her mortgage in 30 years.
- B. She'd gotten no sleep, convinced the ghost was going to break through the door and do something horrible.
- C. But what made her keep the door shut and locked was the abrupt end of the concrete floor halfway across the room.
- D. All of the floors and doors were original; the doors even had skeleton key locks.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A adds humor to the otherwise fearful mood by injecting a touch of reality and practicality into the situation. The mention of finishing paying the mortgage in 30 years in the midst of a ghostly encounter lightens the tone of the narrative, creating a moment of comic relief for the reader. This phrase introduces a sense of normalcy and mundane responsibilities amidst the eerie setting, providing a contrast that can be amusing to the reader.