Nokea
Which hormone is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?
- A. Androgens
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Androgens. Androgens, such as testosterone, are responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair, deep voice, and muscle growth. Follicle-stimulating hormone (B) is involved in sperm production, not male secondary sexual characteristics. Epinephrine (C) and norepinephrine (D) are stress hormones and not related to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics.
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Which of the following drugs is expected to cause anticholinergic adverse effects:
- A. Codeine
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Amitriptyline
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amitriptyline. Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant known for its anticholinergic properties, causing dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention. Anticholinergic effects result from blocking the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. Codeine (A) is an opioid, Ciprofloxacin (B) is an antibiotic, and Propranolol (D) is a beta-blocker, none of which are expected to cause significant anticholinergic effects.
In a patient with central diabetes insipidus, what will the administration of ADH during a water deprivation test result in?
- A. Decrease in body weight
- B. Decrease in blood pressure
- C. Increase in urinary output
- D. Increase in urine osmolality
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In central diabetes insipidus, administering ADH during a water deprivation test will result in an increase in urine osmolality due to the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine in response to ADH.
The enzyme amylase breaks down?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Proteins
- C. Fats
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbohydrates. Amylase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down carbohydrates, such as starch and glycogen, into simpler sugars like glucose. It does this by catalyzing the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-glycosidic linkages in polysaccharides. Proteins are broken down by protease enzymes, not amylase. Fats are broken down by lipase enzymes. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide a relevant option.
A 46-year-old woman has hirsutism, hyperglycemia, obesity, muscle wasting, and increased ACTH. The most likely cause of her symptoms is
- A. primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease)
- B. pheochromocytoma
- C. primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing disease)
- D. treatment with exogenous glucocorticoids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: primary overproduction of ACTH (Cushing disease). In this case, the symptoms match those of Cushing syndrome, which is characterized by excess cortisol production. The increased ACTH levels are indicative of the pituitary gland overproducing ACTH, leading to excess cortisol. Choices A and B are incorrect as they do not match the symptoms presented. Choice D is incorrect because exogenous glucocorticoids would not lead to increased ACTH levels.
A patient is hospitalized with adrenocortical insufficiency. Which nursing activity should you delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Remind patient to change positions slowly.
- B. Check the patient for muscle weakness.
- C. Teach the patient how to collect 24-hour urine.
- D. Plan nursing interventions to promote fluid balance.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reminding the patient to change positions slowly is a non-invasive task that is appropriate for delegation to a nursing assistant, as it helps prevent dizziness or hypotension due to adrenocortical insufficiency.