Nokea
Which of the following adverse effects are less likely in a beta1-selective blocker?
- A. Dysrhythmias
- B. Impaired insulin release
- C. Reflex orthostatic changes
- D. Decreased triglycerides and cholesterol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Beta1-selective blockers (e.g., atenolol) have less impact on insulin release compared to non-selective blockers.
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The following drug may be used to relieve bladder spasm after urologic surgery:
- A. Atropine
- B. Dicyclomine
- C. Glycopyrrolate
- D. Oxybutynin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxybutynin, an antimuscarinic, reduces bladder spasms.
Which of the following is the most frequent cause of diarrhea and flatulance:
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glibenclamide
- C. Metformin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acarbose inhibits carbohydrate digestion in the gut, leading to increased fermentation by gut bacteria, causing diarrhea and flatulence.
Drugs do not metabolize the same way in all people. For what patient would a nurse expect to assess for an alteration in drug metabolism?
- A. A 35-year-old woman with cervical cancer
- B. A 41-year-old man with kidney stones
- C. A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver
- D. A 62-year-old woman in acute renal failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively, as in patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not metabolize normally so that toxic levels could develop unless dosage is reduced. A patient with cervical cancer or kidney stones would not be expected to have altered ability to metabolize drugs so long as no liver damage existed. The patient with renal failure would have altered excretion of the drugs through the renal system but metabolism would not be impacted.
Patients prescribed aspirin therapy require education regarding the signs of aspirin toxicity. An early sign of aspirin toxicity is:
- A. Black tarry stools
- B. Vomiting
- C. Tremors
- D. Tinnitus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tinnitus is an early aspirin toxicity sign; black stools or vomiting are later.
A nurse is assessing a client after administering a prescribed medication. Which of the following would alert the nurse to suspect that the client is developing anaphylactic shock?Select one that does not apply.
- A. Wheezing
- B. Hypertension
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Urticaria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The symptoms of anaphylactic shock are dyspnea, feeling of fullness in the throat, cough, wheezing, extremely low blood pressure, tachycardia (heart rate >100 bpm), palpitations, syncope, cardiac arrest, urticaria, angioedema, pruritus, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.