Which of the following are concepts related to nursing theory? (select all that apply)
- A. Environment
- B. Health
- C. Nursing
- D. Relevance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Environment. Nursing theory often includes the concept of environment, which encompasses physical, social, and psychological factors influencing a patient's health. This concept helps nurses understand the context in which care is provided and how it impacts health outcomes.
Incorrect choices:
B: Health - While health is a fundamental aspect of nursing, it is not specific to nursing theory concepts.
C: Nursing - This is a broad term encompassing the profession itself, not a specific concept within nursing theory.
D: Relevance - This term is not directly associated with nursing theory concepts and does not provide a framework for understanding nursing practice.
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A nurse at a school notices that several students have "blisters" on their bodies. Further investigation reveals that a terrorist incident has occurred, causing smallpox. If the chemical, biologic, radiologic, nuclear, and explosive (CBRNE) agent categories are used, this incident would be classified as:
- A. chemical.
- B. biologic.
- C. radiologic.
- D. nuclear.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: biologic. Smallpox is a viral disease caused by the variola virus, making it a biological agent. The virus spreads from person to person through respiratory droplets or contact with infected bodily fluids. The term CBRNE encompasses various types of agents used in terrorism incidents. In this case, the incident involving smallpox falls under the biologic category due to its viral nature, as opposed to chemical (A), radiologic (C), or nuclear (D) agents. Chemical agents involve toxic substances, radiologic agents involve radiation, and nuclear agents involve nuclear materials. In summary, the smallpox incident is categorized as biologic due to the nature of the variola virus.
What is the initial step when addressing an ethically challenging situation?
- A. Identify all those who are involved in the situation.
- B. Review the overall situation to identify the core issues.
- C. Gather all the relevant facts about the situations.
- D. Determine what the ethical dilemma is.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Review the overall situation to identify the core issues. This is the initial step when addressing an ethically challenging situation because it allows you to gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation before delving into specific details. By reviewing the overall situation, you can identify the key ethical issues at play and prioritize which aspects need to be addressed first. This step sets the foundation for developing an effective strategy to navigate the ethical dilemma.
Incorrect answers:
A: Identifying all those involved is important, but it should come after reviewing the situation.
C: Gathering facts is necessary, but reviewing the overall situation should precede this step.
D: Determining the ethical dilemma is crucial, but it is more effective to first review the entire situation to fully grasp the complexities before pinpointing the ethical issue.
The informed consent documents must include: (select all that apply)
- A. an explanation of potential risks and benefits to participants in the study.
- B. medical terminology rather than lay terms to prevent misunderstanding of the study.
- C. a statement on how the anonymity and confidentiality of participants are protected.
- D. explanation of the cost of the study.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because informed consent documents must provide participants with an explanation of potential risks and benefits to ensure they fully understand what they are agreeing to. This helps participants make an informed decision about participating. Option B is incorrect because using medical terminology can actually increase misunderstanding; lay terms are recommended. Option C is incorrect as it is essential to include a statement on protecting anonymity and confidentiality to ensure participant privacy. Option D is incorrect as explaining the cost of the study is not a necessary component of informed consent.
A nursing unit is comparing team nursing to the partnership model and finds that:
- A. with the partnership model, an RN does not have to be part of the mix.
- B. leadership abilities of the RN is a major determinant of effectiveness of care for both models.
- C. the RN teaches the LPN/LVN or unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) how to apply the nursing process in team nursing.
- D. with team nursing the RN cares for the patient while the team members work with the family or significant others.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the leadership abilities of the RN are crucial in both team nursing and the partnership model. In team nursing, the RN coordinates care provided by team members. In the partnership model, the RN collaborates with a partner to deliver care effectively.
Choice A is incorrect because the presence of an RN is essential in both models to ensure the delivery of safe and high-quality care.
Choice C is incorrect because the RN's role in teaching how to apply the nursing process is not specific to team nursing or the partnership model but is a general nursing responsibility.
Choice D is incorrect because in team nursing, the RN is responsible for coordinating care for the patient, including working with the family or significant others, rather than solely caring for the patient while others work with the family.
An experienced nurse volunteers to serve on a task force intended to improve the quality of care because she possesses excellent patient care skills and has selected a career goal of working in quality management. However, the nurse is unable to concentrate on any one task or issue and is unable to view the health care milieu sensibly. Which source of energy is missing in this nurse?
- A. Physical
- B. Mental
- C. Spiritual
- D. Emotional
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mental. The nurse's inability to concentrate and view the healthcare milieu sensibly indicates a lack of mental energy. Mental energy is crucial for focus, problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking skills necessary for quality management. Physical energy (A) is related to physical stamina, spiritual energy (C) to inner peace and purpose, and emotional energy (D) to emotional resilience. However, in this case, the nurse's issue is primarily cognitive, highlighting the absence of mental energy.