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Which of the following are interventions that address the issues of osteoporosis and the risk for broken bones?
- A. Make sure stairs are well lighted and that handrails are present.
- B. Suggest the patient lift light weights and wear ankle weights on his or her daily walk.
- C. Tell the patient which foods are high in potassium.
- D. Suggest the patient use an emergency help signaling device.
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Proper lighting and handrails prevent falls, while weight-bearing exercises strengthen bones, reducing osteoporosis-related fracture risk.
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Which one of the following integumentary system changes puts the patient at greatest risk for complications from bedrest?
- A. Skin becomes thin and fragile
- B. Capillaries become fragile
- C. Decreased circulation to skin and underlying tissue
- D. Tendency to bruise easily
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Decreased circulation increases the risk of pressure ulcers during bedrest, as it impairs tissue perfusion and healing.
As a nurse, you can review each medication to assess for its purpose and for overlap among drugs.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses play a key role in medication reconciliation to prevent polypharmacy and ensure safe use.
A 72-year-old patient is brought to the doctor's office by his son for a checkup. As you are helping him disrobe, you notice several bruises on his stomach. You ask him if he has fallen and he says no, he got them leaning over the sink doing dishes. Which of the following represents your next action?
- A. Suggest he pad the edge of the countertop with foam rubber.
- B. Gently suggest that it is okay to tell you that he fell-that it does not mean he will be put in a nursing home.
- C. Ask him if he is taking anticoagulants or if he has been in the hospital recently.
- D. Ask him about his relationship with his son.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bruising from minimal pressure may indicate anticoagulant use or medical issues, requiring further investigation.
List three important measures to take while assisting a resident with bathing and hygiene in a shared bathroom at a long-term care facility. Provide a rationale for each intervention.
- A. Ensure privacy by closing curtains or doors; prevents embarrassment and maintains dignity.
- B. Check water temperature to avoid burns; older adults may have decreased sensation.
- C. Use non-slip mats to prevent falls; shared bathrooms can be slippery and hazardous.
- D. Provide a call bell for assistance; ensures safety if the resident needs help.
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: These measures address privacy, safety, and accessibility, critical for resident comfort and well-being during bathing.
Decreased renal function is associated with old age. Which of the following tests give information about renal function?
- A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell count, and hematocrit
- C. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and white blood cell count
- D. Creatinine, hematocrit, and liver function tests (LFTs)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: BUN, creatinine, and GFR are specific tests that assess renal function, indicating kidney performance.