Nokea
Which of the following drugs can be used in cases of beta blocker overdose?
- A. Glucagon
- B. Flumazenil
- C. Deferoxamine
- D. Naloxone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucagon increases cardiac contractility via a non-beta receptor pathway, making it effective in beta-blocker overdose.
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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is starting Simvastatin. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take this medication in the evening.
- B. Change position slowly when rising from a chair.
- C. Maintain a steady intake of green leafy vegetables.
- D. Consume no more than 1 L/day of fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Simvastatin is taken in the evening when cholesterol synthesis peaks.
The mean weight of 500 college students is 70 kg and the standard deviation is 3 kg. Assuming that the weight is normally distributed, determine how many students weigh exactly 64 kg.
- B. 5
- C. 10
- D. 15
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a continuous normal distribution, the probability of an exact value (e.g., P(X=64)) is 0, as probability is measured over intervals, not points. Thus, 0 students, as per the document.
The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse would monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the medication were being applied to which of the following body areas?
- A. Back
- B. Axilla
- C. Soles of the feet
- D. Palms of the hands
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from regions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia), and lower from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).
A patient has recently moved from Vermont to Southern Florida. The patient presents to the clinic complaining of dizzy spells and weakness. While conducting the admission assessment, the patient tells the nurse that he have been on the same antihypertensive drug for 6 years and had stable blood pressures and no adverse effects. Since his move, he has been having problems and he feels that the drug is no longer effective. The clinic nurse knows that one possible reason for the change in the effectiveness of the drug could be what?
- A. The impact of the placebo effect on the patient's response.
- B. The accumulative effect of the drug if it has been taken for many years.
- C. The impact of the warmer environment on the patient's physical status.
- D. Problems with patient compliance with the drug regimen while on vacation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antihypertensive drugs work to decrease the blood pressure. When a patient goes to a climate that is much warmer than usual, blood vessels dilate and the blood pressure falls. If a patient is taking an antihypertensive drug and moves to a warmer climate, there is a chance that the patient's blood pressure will drop too low, resulting in dizziness and feelings of weakness. Even mild dehydration could exacerbate these effects. Most antihypertensives are metabolized and excreted and do not accumulate in the body. Patients must be very compliant with their drug regimen on vacation. After several years on an antihypertensive drug, the effects of that drug are known; therefore, the placebo effect should not be an issue.
Which of the following is natural mineralcorticoid:
- A. Methylprednisolone
- B. Betamethasone
- C. Triamcinolone
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone is the natural mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex.