Nokea
Which of the following drugs shows more interactions with the absorption of lipophilic drugs?
- A. Niacin
- B. Clofibrate
- C. Ezetimibe
- D. Colestipol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: D' is correct because colestipol, a resin, binds lipophilic drugs in the gut, reducing their absorption, per pharmacokinetics. 'A' (niacin) and 'B' (clofibrate) don't bind drugs. 'C' (ezetimibe) targets cholesterol, not broad interactions. Colestipol's binding capacity affects drug timing.
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When the acidity of the tissue increases, as in instances of infection, the effect of a local anesthetic decreases; therefore, the local anesthetic is a weak acid.
- A. Both parts of the statement are true.
- B. Both parts of the statement are false.
- C. The first part of the statement is true; the second part is false.
- D. The first part of the statement is false; the second part is true.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: First true, second false (C); acidity reduces local anesthetic effect (weak bases ionize more), per the text, making it correct. A and B misalign, D reverses truth, confirming C.
Which of the following drugs is a Class IA antiarrhythmic agent?
- A. Lidocaine
- B. Quinidine
- C. Flecainide
- D. Metoprolol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: B' is correct because quinidine is a Class IA antiarrhythmic, moderately blocking sodium and prolonging QT, per classification. 'A' (lidocaine) is IB. 'C' (flecainide) is IC. 'D' (metoprolol) is II. Quinidine fits IA profile.
A drug may be classified by which of the following?
- A. The chemical type of the drug's active ingredient
- B. The way the drug is used to treat a specific condition
- C. The generic name of the drug
- D. The trade name of the drug
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The chemical type of the active ingredient (A) is a classification method, as is its therapeutic use (B), per the text. Generic (C) and trade (D) names are identifiers, not classifications. The text specifies drugs are grouped by chemical makeup or treatment purpose, making A a precise example of how drugs are systematically categorized.
FDA-approved in August 2019, istradefylline is used in the treatment of which of these conditions?
- A. Parkinson's disease
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Heart failure
- D. Ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Istradefylline (Choice A), an adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, was approved in 2019 as an adjunct for Parkinson's disease, improving motor symptoms, making it correct. It's not used for Alzheimer's (Choice B), heart failure (Choice C), or ventricular tachycardia (Choice D), which have unrelated treatments, confirming A.
A common side effect of bile acid-binding resins is:
- A. Constipation
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hyperkalemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A' is correct because bile acid-binding resins cause constipation by binding bile acids, slowing gut motility, per clinical use. 'B' (hyperglycemia), 'C' (hypertension), and 'D' (hyperkalemia) aren't typical. GI effects like constipation are frequent.