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Which of the following factors constitute the environment component of the agenthostenvironment model of health and illness (Leavell and Clark, 1965)? Select all that apply.
- A. bacteria/viruses
- B. chemical substances
- C. health habits
- D. family history
- E. cultural factors
- F. biologic factors
Correct Answer: E,F
Rationale: The environment component includes external factors like cultural and biologic factors that influence health, not personal habits or history.
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What is the nurses primary role in promoting health?
- A. educating others about health promotion activities
- B. avoiding smoking or drinking in public
- C. being a role model for health promotion
- D. implementing stress reduction activities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nurses promote health primarily by modeling healthy behaviors, which encourages others to adopt similar practices.
Which of the following is an example of the sociocultural dimension influencing a persons healthillness status?
- A. A family lives in a city environment where the air pollution levels are high.
- B. A father who is a practicing Jehovahs Witness refuses a blood transfusion for his son.
- C. A teenager who was in an automobile accident worries that his scars will cause him to lose friends.
- D. A single mother of two applies for food stamps in order to feed her family.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sociocultural dimension includes beliefs and values, such as religious practices, that influence health decisions like refusing a blood transfusion.
Which of the following statements illustrates the effect of the sociocultural dimension on health and illness?
- A. Why shouldnt I drink and drive? Everyone else does.
- B. My mother has sickle cell anemia, and so do I.
- C. I know I have heart problems, so I have changed my diet.
- D. I used biofeedback to lower my blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sociocultural dimension includes social norms and peer influences, such as the perception that drinking and driving is acceptable because others do it.
A nurse caring for patients with diabetes knows that the following is a characteristic of a chronic illness:
- A. It is a temporary change.
- B. It causes reversible alterations in A&P.
- C. It requires special patient education for rehabilitation.
- D. It requires a short period of care or support.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic illnesses, like diabetes, require ongoing patient education for management and rehabilitation to maintain quality of life and manage symptoms.
Which of the following nursing interventions are examples of health promotion and preventive care on the primary level? Select all that apply.
- A. A nurse counsels a teenager to stop smoking.
- B. A nurse conducts a health fair for high blood pressure screening.
- C. A nurse counsels the family of a patient diagnosed with lung cancer.
- D. A home healthcare nurse arranges for rehabilitation services for a patient.
- E. A school nurse arranges for a career seminar for graduating seniors.
- F. A nurse devises a low-calorie diet for an obese teenager.
Correct Answer: A,F
Rationale: Primary prevention focuses on preventing disease before it occurs, such as counseling to stop smoking or promoting a healthy diet to prevent obesity.