Nokea
Which of the following factors has been cited as a major barrier to knowledge use and the adoption of new evidence?
- A. Strategy
- B. Environment
- C. Budget
- D. Communication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Barriers to knowledge use and adoption of new evidence can be grouped into four categories related to the nature of the new evidence and practice, the organization, the environment, and the individuals who will be changing their practice.
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During which decade did the modern evidence-informed practice movement begin?
- A. 1950s
- B. 1960s
- C. 1970s
- D. 1980s
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The 1970s are regarded as the beginning of the modern evidence-informed practice movement.
Which one of the following is an outcome of evidence-informed practice?
- A. Increased research in the practice setting
- B. Evidence-informed policies
- C. Proficiency in conducting nursing research
- D. Greater concentration on health and human resource planning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evidence-informed policies are one outcome of evidence-informed practice. One of the best ways to achieve evidence-informed practice is to ensure policy decisions are based on the best evidence.
The pharmaceutical industry is highly engaged in knowledge transfer, and its target advertising audience typically includes which following groups?
- A. Nurses
- B. The public
- C. Pharmacists
- D. Hospitals
- E. Universities
- F. Physicians
Correct Answer: B,C,D,F
Rationale: The pharmaceutical industry's target advertising audience is typically physicians, pharmacists, hospitals, and, where permitted, the public, as a strategy for indirectly influencing physicians to prescribe its products.
What is the relationship between the number needed to treat (NNT) and the impact of an intervention?
- A. The smaller the NNT, the smaller the impact of the intervention.
- B. The smaller the NNT, the greater the impact of the intervention.
- C. The larger the NNT, the smaller the impact of the intervention.
- D. The larger the NNT, the greater the impact of the intervention.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Generally, the smaller the NNT, the greater the impact of the intervention.
Which of the following is a barrier to research utilization?
- A. Cost and time constraints
- B. Positive attitudes about research
- C. Too much research on a particular subject
- D. Lack of support for research
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Barriers to research utilization include cost and time constraints, negative attitudes toward research, the quality and relevance of the research, time to read and implement research, and a variety of organizational and workplace limitations.