Nokea
Which of the following factors should the nurse emphasize while teaching a client with a cast on the lower extremities?
- A. The importance of following a regular diet.
- B. The use of prescribed analgesics to manage the pain.
- C. Instructions about ambulating with the crutches.
- D. The importance of regular exercise.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ambulation instructions are critical to ensure safe movement with casts.
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The diagnostic manual used by clinicians called DSM-IV-TR identifies two broader diagnostic syndromes into which many neurological disorders fall. Dementia is one which is characterised by which of the following:
- A. The impairment of basic cognitive functions.
- B. The impairment of physical abilities.
- C. The impairment of memory.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dementia is a neurological syndrome characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive functions, including memory, reasoning, and the ability to perform daily activities. It is often accompanied by changes in mood, behavior, and personality. Dementia can result from various causes, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or traumatic brain injury, and it significantly impacts an individual's quality of life and independence.
In iron deficiency anaemia, the following is decreased:
- A. MCV (mean cell volume)
- B. ferritin
- C. MCH (mean cell haemoglobin)
- D. all above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by decreased MCV (microcytic anemia), low ferritin (indicating low iron stores), and reduced MCH (hypochromic anemia). These changes reflect the impaired hemoglobin synthesis due to insufficient iron.
Which of the following conditions is the result of a ruptured cerebral blood vessel and the release of blood into the brain tissue?
- A. Ischemic stroke
- B. Transient ischemic attack
- C. Cerebral aneurysm
- D. Hemorrhagic stroke
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hemorrhagic stroke involves bleeding into the brain tissue.
Which of the following nursing diagnoses pertains to a client with a neurological deficit in relation to his marriage?
- A. Risk for Disuse Syndrome related to musculoskeletal inactivity and neuromuscular impairment
- B. Total Urinary Incontinence or Urinary Retention related to effects of disease or injury to the nervous system or spinal cord nerves
- C. loss of bladder tone
- D. Impaired Physical Mobility related to muscle weakness and paralysis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neurological deficits can affect sexual function, impacting relationships.
If a nurse observes a sudden change in a client's vital signs, what immediate step should the nurse take?
- A. Inform the physician
- B. Change the environmental settings of the client
- C. Alter the diet intake of the client
- D. Decrease the physical activity of the client
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Immediate medical attention is necessary for significant changes in vital signs.