Nokea
Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to a client who is asymptomatic of colonic cancer, but whose stool test results are positive for blood?
- A. Add fiber to the diet
- B. Undergo a colonoscopy
- C. Use warm soaks
- D. Use a stool softener
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A positive fecal occult blood test may indicate colorectal cancer, and a colonoscopy is required for further investigation and diagnosis.
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Concerning mass peristalsis, all are correct Except:
- A. Occurs in the small intestine.
- B. is a very slow movement.
- C. Helps movement of fecal matter in large intestine.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Mass peristalsis refers to the coordinated contraction of the smooth muscle in the colon that helps move fecal matter towards the rectum. This process specifically occurs in the large intestine, not the small intestine. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because mass peristalsis is actually a rapid and powerful movement, not slow. Choice C is correct as it accurately describes the role of mass peristalsis in facilitating the movement of fecal matter in the large intestine. Choice D is incorrect because choice A is incorrect.
Serologic findings in viral hepatitis include both the presence of viral antigens and antibodies produced in response to the viruses. What laboratory result indicates that the nurse is immune to HBV after vaccination?
- A. Anti-HBcIgG
- B. Surface antigen HBsAg
- C. Surface antibody Anti-HBs
- D. Core antigen Anti-HBcIgM
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of anti-HBs (surface antibody) indicates immunity to Hepatitis B following vaccination.
Bacteria and other foreign material absorbed by the small intestine are destroyed by ______ cells found lining the hepatic sinusoids.
- A. Kupffer
- B. hepatic
- C. endothelial
- D. acinar
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kupffer cells. Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages found in the liver that play a crucial role in immune defense. They are responsible for destroying bacteria and foreign material absorbed by the small intestine as they pass through the hepatic sinusoids. Kupffer cells phagocytize these pathogens, preventing their entry into the bloodstream. The other choices, B: hepatic, C: endothelial, and D: acinar, do not have the specific function of destroying bacteria in the hepatic sinusoids. Hepatic cells are liver cells, endothelial cells line blood vessels, and acinar cells are found in exocrine glands.
The carcinoid syndrome is likely to occur with carcinoid tumors:
- A. of the appendix
- B. localized to the ileum
- C. both
- D. neither
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because carcinoid syndrome can occur with carcinoid tumors of the appendix and ileum. Carcinoid tumors of the appendix can lead to carcinoid syndrome due to the release of serotonin and other vasoactive substances. Similarly, carcinoid tumors localized to the ileum can also produce these substances, leading to the development of carcinoid syndrome. Choices A and B alone are not comprehensive enough as both sites can give rise to carcinoid syndrome. Choice D is incorrect as carcinoid syndrome can indeed occur with tumors from both sites.
You have the following symptoms: sudden abdominal pain, slight fever, loss of appetite, and nausea. You may have
- A. appendicitis.
- B. heartburn.
- C. diarrhea.
- D. hemorrhoids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: appendicitis. Sudden abdominal pain, fever, loss of appetite, and nausea are classic symptoms of appendicitis. The pain often starts near the belly button and migrates to the lower right abdomen, where the appendix is located. Appendicitis is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention to prevent complications like a burst appendix. Heartburn (B) typically presents with a burning sensation in the chest, and diarrhea (C) presents with loose, watery stools. Hemorrhoids (D) are swollen blood vessels in the rectum that cause discomfort but do not typically present with the symptoms described.