Nokea
Which of the following is a neuromodulator?
- A. Neuropeptides
- B. Glutamate
- C. Dopamine
- D. GABA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Neuropeptides are neuromodulators. Glutamate and dopamine are excitatory neurotransmitters. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
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The nurse is assessing a patient suffering a head injury as a result of an altercation with two other individuals. The patient has difficulty accurately reporting the events of the altercation and appears very emotional during the assessment. The nurse suspects which part of the brain received the greatest amount of injury?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Medulla
- D. Amygdala
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The frontal lobes of the cerebrum control the organization of thought, body movement, memories, emotions, and moral behavior. The cerebellum is the center for coordination of movements and postural adjustments. The medulla contains vital centers for respiration and cardiovascular functions. The amygdala is involved in emotional arousal and memory.
When the client asks the nurse how long it will take before the SSRI antidepressant medication will be effective, which of the following replies is most accurate and therapeutic?
- A. This is a good medication! It will be effective within 20 minutes of the first dose.
- B. You will have gradual improvement in symptoms over the next few weeks, but the changes may be so subtle that you may not notice them for a while. It is important for you to keep taking the medication.
- C. It will probably take months for the medication to work. In the meantime, you should work on improving your attitude.
- D. If you believe it will work, then it will. You have to have faith!
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SSRIs typically take 2-3 weeks to show effectiveness, with gradual symptom improvement that may be subtle initially, requiring continued adherence.
Which of the following is the primary consideration with clients taking antidepressants?
- A. Decreased mobility
- B. Emotional changes
- C. Suicide
- D. Increased sleep
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Suicide is always a primary consideration when treating clients with depression due to the risk of worsening symptoms or medication-related effects.
A nurse is leading a medication education group for patients with depression. A patient states he has read that herbal treatments are just as effective as prescription medications. The best response is,
- A. When studies are published they can be trusted to be accurate.
- B. We need to look at the research very closely to see how reliable the studies are.
- C. Your prescribed medication is the best for your condition, so you should not read those studies.
- D. Switching medications will alter the course of your illness. It is not advised.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Often, reports in the media regarding new research and studies are confusing, contradictory, or difficult for clients and their families to understand. The nurse must ensure that clients and families are well informed about progress in these areas and must help them to distinguish between facts and hypotheses.
A client on the unit suddenly cries out in fear. The nurse notices that the client's head is twisted to one side, his back is arched, and his eyes have rolled back in their sockets. The client has recently begun drug therapy with haloperidol (Haldol).
- A. Get a stat order for a serum drug level.
- B. Hold the client's medication until the symptoms subside.
- C. Place an urgent call to the client's physician.
- D. Give a PRN dose of benztropine (Cogentin).
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The client is experiencing an acute dystonic reaction, common with high-potency antipsychotics like haloperidol. Immediate treatment with an anticholinergic like benztropine provides rapid relief.