Nokea
Which of the following is associated with hyperthyroidism?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Dry skin
- C. Heat intolerance
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland.
2. Heat intolerance is a common symptom due to increased metabolic rate.
3. Weight gain is associated with hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism.
4. Dry skin is more commonly seen in hypothyroidism.
5. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not typical in hyperthyroidism.
Summary:
Choice C, heat intolerance, is associated with hyperthyroidism due to increased metabolic activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism or other conditions.
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The inability to produce ADH causes ______.
- A. diabetes mellitus.
- B. uterine contractions.
- C. diabetes insipidus.
- D. decreased urine volume.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: diabetes insipidus. The inability to produce ADH (antidiuretic hormone) results in diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive thirst and urination. ADH plays a crucial role in regulating water retention by the kidneys. Without ADH, the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, leading to increased urine output and dehydration.
A: Diabetes mellitus is not caused by the inability to produce ADH. It is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or ineffective use of insulin.
B: Uterine contractions are not related to the production of ADH. Uterine contractions are primarily controlled by hormones such as oxytocin during labor.
D: Decreased urine volume is the opposite of what occurs in diabetes insipidus. In this condition, there is an increase in urine volume due to the inability to concentrate urine.
Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by __________.
- A. an increase in calcitonin
- B. an increase in ADH
- C. an increase in the growth hormone in an adult
- D. an increase in the parathyroid hormone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Osteitis fibrosa cystica is caused by an increase in the parathyroid hormone (PTH). Elevated PTH levels lead to increased calcium release from bones, resulting in bone resorption and cyst formation. Other choices (A) calcitonin, (B) ADH, and (C) growth hormone do not directly impact calcium metabolism and bone resorption like PTH does.
Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin:
- A. are hypothalamic-releasing hormones.
- B. are secreted by the adenohypophysis.
- C. increase blood glucose levels.
- D. are hormones.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin are all hormones produced by various glands in the body.
2. Insulin is produced by the pancreas, cortisol by the adrenal glands, thyroxine by the thyroid gland, and oxytocin by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland.
3. Each of these hormones plays a different role in the body, such as regulating blood glucose levels, metabolism, stress response, and reproductive functions.
4. Therefore, the correct answer is D: they are all hormones.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. Hypothalamic-releasing hormones are specific hormones that stimulate the release of other hormones from the pituitary gland.
B: Incorrect. Adenohypophysis secretes different hormones, not these specific ones.
C: Incorrect. Insulin, for example, decreases blood glucose levels, while cortisol increases blood glucose levels.
A nurse is taking care of a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome. Which of the following is a priority area for the nurse in evaluating a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome?
- A. Skin color
- B. Hydration status
- C. Temperature
- D. Response to diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority concern for clients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome is their hydration status, as dehydration is a key factor in this condition.
A 72-year-old woman is diagnosed with diabetes. What does the nurse recognize about the management of diabetes in the older adult?
- A. It is more difficult to achieve strict glucose control than in younger patients.
- B. It usually is not treated unless the patient becomes severely hyperglycemic.
- C. It does not include treatment with insulin because of limited dexterity and vision.
- D. It usually requires that a younger family member be responsible for care of the patient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In older adults, achieving strict glucose control may be more difficult due to factors such as comorbidities, polypharmacy, and decreased physiological reserve.