Endocrine System Exam Questions

Endocrine System Exam Questions Related

Review Endocrine System Exam Questions related questions and content

Which of the following is the most important effect of somatotropic hormone?

  • A. Promotion of the urinary excretion of calcium
  • B. Growth of the musculoskeletal system
  • C. Regulation of sodium and water balance
  • D. Initiates and sustains labor to terminate pregnancy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Growth of the musculoskeletal system. Somatotropic hormone, also known as growth hormone, plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development of bones, muscles, and tissues. It promotes the growth of the musculoskeletal system by stimulating the production of proteins that are essential for muscle and bone growth. This effect is the most important function of somatotropic hormone as it directly impacts overall body growth and physical development.

Explanation for other choices:
A: Promotion of the urinary excretion of calcium - This is not a primary function of somatotropic hormone. Calcium regulation is mainly controlled by other hormones like parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
C: Regulation of sodium and water balance - This function is primarily controlled by hormones like aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone, not somatotropic hormone.
D: Initiates and sustains labor to terminate pregnancy - Labor initiation is regulated by hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins, not somat

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What are two effects of hypokalemia on the endocrine system?

  • A. Decreased insulin and aldosterone release
  • B. Decreased glucagon and increased cortisol release
  • C. Decreased release of atrial natriuretic factor and increased ADH release
  • D. Decreased release of parathyroid hormone and increased calcitonin release
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hypokalemia can lead to decreased release of atrial natriuretic factor and increased ADH release as the body attempts to balance sodium and fluid levels.

We have an emergency clinical situation, which requires a drug to produce both bronchodilation and raise blood pressure. Which one of the following drugs can achieve these two goals?

  • A. Atropine
  • B. Adrenaline
  • C. Isoproterenol
  • D. Noradrenaline
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Adrenaline is a non-selective adrenergic agonist that acts on both alpha and beta receptors.
2. Activation of beta-2 receptors in the lungs causes bronchodilation.
3. Activation of alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels raises blood pressure.
4. Atropine (A) is a muscarinic antagonist, not adrenergic.
5. Isoproterenol (C) primarily targets beta receptors, not alpha for blood pressure.
6. Noradrenaline (D) mainly acts on alpha receptors, not beta for bronchodilation.

Regarding the thyroid gland; All are true Except:

  • A. Is closely related to inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerve
  • B. Moves on swallowing
  • C. Its isthmus is at level of thyroid cartilage
  • D. Is invested by pretracheal fascia together with the parathyroids
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Its isthmus is at the level of thyroid cartilage. The isthmus of the thyroid gland is located at the level of the cricoid cartilage, not the thyroid cartilage. The thyroid gland is closely related to the inferior (recurrent) laryngeal nerve (A), it moves on swallowing (B), and it is invested by pretracheal fascia together with the parathyroids (D). These choices are correct anatomical characteristics of the thyroid gland.

Concerning physostigmine, which of the following is CORRECT:

  • A. Is a natural quaternary ammonium compound
  • B. Has no CNS action
  • C. It is an irreversible anti-cholinesterase
  • D. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because physostigmine is used in the treatment of glaucoma due to its ability to lower intraocular pressure. It works by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading to increased levels of acetylcholine which helps in constricting the pupil and improving drainage of fluid in the eye. Options A and C are incorrect as physostigmine is a tertiary amine and a reversible anti-cholinesterase. Option B is incorrect as physostigmine does have CNS action, crossing the blood-brain barrier and affecting brain function.

Identify the mechanisms that control the production and release of hormones.

  • A. hormonal, neural and sensory
  • B. hormonal, humoral and neural
  • C. hormonal, humoral and sensory
  • D. humoral, neural and sensory
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormonal, humoral, and neural. Hormonal regulation involves feedback loops where hormone levels control their own production. Humoral regulation involves substances in body fluids influencing hormone release. Neural regulation involves the nervous system influencing hormone production. Option A is incorrect because sensory mechanisms do not directly control hormone production. Option C is incorrect because sensory mechanisms are not typically involved in hormone regulation. Option D is incorrect because hormonal control is a key mechanism that was omitted.

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