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Which of the following most accurately defines illness?
- A. the inability to carry out normal activities of living
- B. a pathologic change in mind or body structure or function
- C. the response of a person to a disease
- D. achieving maximum potential and quality of life
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Illness is defined as the individual's personal response to a disease, which may include symptoms and changes in behavior or function.
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What manifestation is the most significant symptom indicating an illness?
- A. bleeding
- B. runny nose
- C. pain
- D. itching
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pain is often the most significant symptom of illness as it can severely impact a person's quality of life and is a common indicator of underlying issues.
Which of the following statements accurately describe how risk factors may increase a persons chances for illness or injury? Select all that apply.
- A. Risks factors are unrelated to the person or event.
- B. All risk factors are modifiable.
- C. An increase in risk factors increases the possibility of illness.
- D. A family history of breast cancer is not a modifiable risk factor.
- E. School-aged children are at high risk for communicable diseases.
- F. Multiple sexual relationships increase the risk for sexually transmitted diseases.
Correct Answer: C,D,E,F
Rationale: Increased risk factors, non-modifiable factors like family history, and specific behaviors or conditions (e.g., multiple sexual partners or school-aged children's exposure) elevate illness risk.
Which of the following statements illustrates the effect of the sociocultural dimension on health and illness?
- A. Why shouldnt I drink and drive? Everyone else does.
- B. My mother has sickle cell anemia, and so do I.
- C. I know I have heart problems, so I have changed my diet.
- D. I used biofeedback to lower my blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sociocultural dimension includes social norms and peer influences, such as the perception that drinking and driving is acceptable because others do it.
On which of the following components is Rosenstocks health belief model based? Select all that apply.
- A. perceived susceptibility to a disease
- B. perceived consequences of treating disease
- C. perceived seriousness of a disease
- D. perceived benefits of action
- E. perceived immunity to disease
- F. perceived benefits of health insurance
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: Rosenstock's health belief model includes perceived susceptibility, seriousness, and benefits of action, which influence health-related behaviors.
Which of the following is an example of a characteristic of the Stage 2 of illness?
- A. A person tells his family that he is sick and allows them to take care of him.
- B. A person experiences a headache and sore throat and takes an aspirin.
- C. A person visits a physician to receive treatment for symptoms of an infection.
- D. A person begins rehabilitation following a stroke that left him paralyzed on one side.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage 2 involves assuming the sick role, where a person acknowledges their illness to others and may seek support from family.