Nokea
Which of the following produced by the pancreatic beta cells:
- A. Insulin
- B. Gastrin
- C. Somatostatin
- D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is secreted by pancreatic beta cells to lower blood glucose.
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Which of the following is a side effect of propylthiouracil?
- A. Agranulocytosis
- B. Arrhythmias
- C. Diabetes
- D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Propylthiouracil can cause agranulocytosis, a severe reduction in white blood cells, as a serious side effect.
Robert, age 51 years, has been told by his primary care provider (PCP) to take an aspirin a day. Why would this be recommended?
- A. He has arthritis and this will help with the inflammation and pain
- B. Aspirin has anti-platelet activity and prevents clots that cause heart attacks
- C. Aspirin acidifies the urine and he needs this for prostate health
- D. He has a history of GI bleed, and one aspirin a day is a safe dosage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin's antiplatelet effect reduces cardiovascular risk, a common recommendation for men over 50; arthritis or prostate aren't primary reasons.
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein by a drug such as quinidine may lead to:
- A. Decreased therapeutic levels of quinidine
- B. Increased therapeutic levels of quinidine
- C. Decreased levels of a coadministered drug, such as digoxin, that requires P-glycoprotein for absorption and elimination
- D. Increased levels of a coadministered drug, such as digoxin, that requires P-glycoprotein for absorption and elimination
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Quinidine inhibits P-glycoprotein, increasing levels of drugs like digoxin by reducing efflux, not affecting quinidine itself or lowering digoxin .
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval is required for:
- A. Medical devices, including artificial joints
- B. Over-the-counter vitamins
- C. Herbal products, such as St John's wort
- D. Dietary supplements, such as Ensure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: FDA approval is required for medical devices like artificial joints , but not OTC vitamins, herbal products, or supplements (B-D), which have lighter oversight.
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug by the oral route. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do? Select one that does not apply.
- A. Making sure the client is in an upright position prior to administration
- B. Ensuring that a full glass of water is readily available
- C. Encourage patient to take a few sips of water before placing the medicine in the mouth
- D. Instructing the client to tilt his or her head back to swallow a capsule
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clients should always be in an upright position when receiving oral drugs and a glass of water should be readily available. They should be encouraged to take a few sips of water before placing the tablet or capsule in the mouth. Drugs should never be left at the client's bedside. Instruct clients to tilt their head back to swallow a tablet and slightly forward to swallow a capsule.