Nokea
Which of the following statements concerning the Institute of Medicine (IOM) competencies is correct?
- A. Each competency is mutually exclusive.
- B. The competencies focus on individual efforts to reduce errors.
- C. Physicians lead the team to achieve each competency.
- D. The competencies address both individual and system approaches to transform care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the IOM competencies aim to improve healthcare by addressing both individual and system-based approaches. This is crucial as it recognizes that improving healthcare requires a comprehensive approach that involves changing both individual behaviors and systemic structures. A: Each competency is mutually exclusive - This is incorrect as the competencies are designed to work together, not in isolation. B: The competencies focus on individual efforts to reduce errors - This is incorrect as the competencies also emphasize the importance of systemic changes to prevent errors. C: Physicians lead the team to achieve each competency - This is incorrect as the competencies are meant to be achieved collaboratively by a multidisciplinary team, not solely led by physicians.
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What is the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care
- A. A diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease
- B. Ability to make sound health care decisions
- C. An interest in exploring available life sustaining treatment options
- D. A life expectancy of less than 12 months
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care is a diagnosis of a serious, life-threatening disease. Palliative care focuses on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of a serious illness, regardless of the stage of the disease or the prognosis. This means that palliative care can be appropriate for patients with a variety of life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live. Choices B and C are incorrect because while they are important factors in healthcare decision-making, they are not the primary factor that characterizes a patient receiving palliative care. Choice D is also incorrect because palliative care can be provided to patients with various life expectancies, not just those with less than 12 months to live.
A patient who is just beginning to use homeopathy to treat depression is concerned because symptoms are actually becoming worse with increasing sadness, anxiety, and fatigue. The practitioner of homeopathy bases teaching on the Law of Cure and instructs the patient to:
- A. discontinue the therapy and seek another alternative therapy.
- B. concentrate the preparation to increase its potency in hopes to improve depressive symptoms.
- C. increase the dosage of the substance to increase its effectiveness.
- D. remain on the current regimen since worsening is a positive sign that healing is occurring.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The Law of Cure in homeopathy states that symptoms improve in the reverse order of their appearance.
Step 2: The worsening of symptoms initially is known as a healing crisis or aggravation.
Step 3: By remaining on the current regimen, the patient allows the body to go through the healing process.
Step 4: This indicates that the body is responding to the remedy and working towards a deeper level of healing.
Step 5: Discontinuing therapy or increasing potency/dosage may disrupt this natural healing process.
A nurse manager is preparing a budget that does not base annual budgets on the revenue and expenditures of the prior year and has the advantage that outdated information is not integrated into the budget. The manager is using which budget method?
- A. Zero-based
- B. Incremental
- C. Labor
- D. Operational
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Correct Answer: A: Zero-based
Rationale:
1. Zero-based budgeting starts from scratch, evaluating each expense regardless of the prior year.
2. It helps eliminate inefficiencies and ensures resources are allocated to high-priority areas.
3. By not relying on past data, outdated information does not influence the budget decisions.
Summary:
B: Incremental budgeting builds on the previous year's budget, not starting from zero.
C: Labor budget focuses specifically on labor costs, not the overall budgeting approach.
D: Operational budget typically considers historical data and current operations, unlike zero-based budgeting.
A newly hired nurse is asked to serve on a committee formed to recruit and retain nurses. At the committee meeting, the nurse learns that:
- A. older nurses are being encouraged to retire so that younger, more efficient nurses can practice.
- B. Magnet hospitals are able to attract nurses with sign-on bonuses and flexible work hours but fail to retain nurses because insufficient autonomy over professional practice is provided.
- C. multitasking is seldom desired by the younger generation of nurses.
- D. many younger workers are less concerned with longevity and are willing to change institutions to achieve professional advancement and flexible work hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Many younger workers prioritize professional advancement and flexible work hours over longevity.
Step 2: This mindset leads them to change institutions to achieve their career goals.
Step 3: The nurse learns about this behavior during the committee meeting.
Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the behavior and motivations of younger nurses.
Summary:
A: Encouraging older nurses to retire is age discrimination and does not address retention issues.
B: Magnet hospitals attract nurses with benefits, but lack of autonomy is not the primary reason for retention issues.
C: Multitasking preferences do not directly relate to recruitment and retention challenges.
A nurse is concerned about the risk of delegating tasks to licensed practical nurses and unlicensed assistive personnel. What is the best way for the nurse to determine competency of an inexperienced delegatee?
- A. Actually observe the delegatee perform the assigned task.
- B. Ask the delegatee how many times he/she has performed the task.
- C. Ask the patient if the care provided was satisfactory.
- D. Ask other nurses if they feel the delegatee is competent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. By actually observing the delegatee perform the assigned task, the nurse can directly assess the competency of the delegatee in real-time. This allows the nurse to evaluate the delegatee's skills, knowledge, and adherence to protocols. Asking the delegatee how many times they have performed the task (B) may not accurately reflect their competency level. Asking the patient if the care provided was satisfactory (C) may not provide an objective assessment of the delegatee's competency. Asking other nurses if they feel the delegatee is competent (D) introduces bias and may not reflect the delegatee's actual abilities.