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Bessie Coleman, the first civilian licensed black pilot in the world, was born in 1892 to sharecroppers in Texas, where she attended a segregated school and worked with her family in the cotton fields. She dreamed of becoming a pilot but no flight school in America would accept her, so she moved to France to earn her pilot's license. When she returned to the U.S, she wanted to open a flight school for Black students. She became a stunt flier and performance for paying audiences, which she insisted be desegregated. Following her death in a plane crash in 1926, the Bessie Coleman Aero Club was established in Los Angeles in 1929. She was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2006
Which of the following statements correctly identifies the sequence of events in the reading?
- A. After life as a sharecropper, Bessie Coleman raised money as a stunt pilot to attend flight school in France.
- B. Bessie Coleman's parents were sharecroppers who sent her to France to become a pilot, after which she returned and opened a flight school.
- C. Bessie Coleman was a pilot, then a sharecropper, who lived in France, where she was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame.
- D. Born to a sharecropper, Bessie Coleman moved to France to take flight training and then returned to the United States as a stunt pilot.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct sequence of events in Bessie Coleman's life, as described in the extract, is that she was born to sharecroppers in Texas, moved to France to earn her pilot's license, and then returned to the U.S as a stunt pilot. Choice D accurately reflects this sequence. Bessie Coleman did not raise money as a stunt pilot to attend flight school in France (Choice A), she was not sent to France by her parents as a child to become a pilot and then open a flight school (Choice B), and she was not a pilot before being a sharecropper and living in France (Choice C). Therefore, Choice D is the correct answer.
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Egg Replacements in Baking
Eggs are an important staple of many baking recipes. They serve several crucial functions, such as binding, leavening, and providing moisture to the final product. However, some people are unable to consume eggs for a variety of reasons. If you are one of these people, baking can seem daunting. Fortunately, there are several substitutions that will allow you to continue enjoying your delicious treats without using eggs.
Two popular egg replacements are applesauce and banana. These things work well enough to provide moisture to your dessert, but they are suboptimal replacements overall, because providing moisture is only one function of the egg. When using applesauce or banana in place of eggs, you may find that your baked goods crumble or do not rise properly. Luckily, here are other ways to achieve binding and leavening effects that are more similar to those of eggs.
Eggs help emulsify the disparate ingredients of your recipe into one homogenous batter or dough. To achieve this, it is most effective to use something with protein or fat that will bind to the starch. One option is a quarter cup of plain yogurt, sour cream, or buttermilk for each egg- either dairy or non-dairy will work just fine. Another option is ground flax or chia seeds. For each egg, combine 1 tablespoon of ground seeds with 3 tablespoons of warm water and leave the mixture to rest at room temperature for about 10 minutes before using.
Eggs help emulsify the disparate ingredients of your recipe into one homogenous batter or dough. To achieve this, it is most effective to use something with protein or fat that will bind to the starch. One option is a quarter cup of plain yogurt, sour cream, or buttermilk for each egg- either dairy or non-dairy will work just fine. Another option is ground flax or chia seeds. For each egg, combine 1 tablespoon of ground seeds with 3 tablespoons of warm water and leave the mixture to rest at room temperature for about 10 minutes before using.
Either of these options will effectively bind your ingredients. However, if you are baking something that needs to rise, like a cake, you may want to give your dessert a little additional help. In this case, mix 1 teaspoon of baking soda with 1 tablespoon of a neutral-flavored vinegar, such as white or apple cider, and add this mixture alongside the other wet ingredients.
Which one of the following statements identifies the author's point of view in the passage?
- A. Egg substitutes are no replacement for the real thing.
- B. There are a number of egg substitutes for recipes.
- C. Applesauce works better than most egg substitutes.
- D. Chia seeds and bananas are the egg substitutes that yield the best results.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Throughout the passage, the author discusses various egg substitutes and their effectiveness in baking recipes. The author acknowledges that while applesauce and banana can provide moisture, they are not optimal replacements for eggs due to their limitations in binding and leavening. The passage then introduces alternative options like yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk, and ground flax or chia seeds, which can better mimic the functions of eggs. By presenting a range of substitutes and providing guidance on how to achieve binding and leavening effects similar to eggs, the author's perspective aligns with the statement that there are a number of egg substitutes for recipes.
Beard Superiority
Unlike most others who follow along with popular trends, I am able to truly see that the beard is superior to the mustache. First, you have so much more hair and space to work with when styling a beard than you do with a mustache. You can trim and cut a beard into so many styles: the Muttonchop, the Goatee, the Stubble, the Chin Strap. You can even add things to your beard: braids, beads, glitter, and color-the possibilities of what you can add to a beard are endless! There are even professional competitions that surround the stylish nature of beards.
What can be inferred about the writer from the evidence provided in the passage?
- A. No competitions exist for the best mustache.
- B. The writer enjoys having a beard.
- C. Mustaches are not as easily styled as beards.
- D. The writer is a professional barber.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. The passage highlights the writer's appreciation for beards, mentioning the various styles and adornments that can be done with a beard. There is no direct evidence in the passage to support choices A, C, or D. The fact that the writer discusses the versatility and possibilities for styling a beard implies a personal enjoyment of having a beard.
Alice was not scared. Not at all. Maybe a little bit. But she was determined to confront the ghost in her house. Alice lived in a farmhouse built in 1921. All of the floors and doors were original; the doors even had skeleton key locks. But by far the most terrifying part of the house was the basement. She kept that door locked and ignored the thumps, crashes, and cries that came from below the house. What made Alice determined to confront the ghost today was the especially loud crashes the previous night. She'd gotten no sleep, convinced the ghost was going to break through the door and do something horrible. What, she wasn't sure, but the ghost would do something.
Alice hadn't seen the ghost, but what else could be making loud noises in an old house? The one time she had been down in the basement was after buying the house unseen. Once she saw the shelves with old glass jars, she was a little put off. But what made her keep the door shut and locked was the abrupt end of the concrete floor halfway across the room. Because nothing good ever happened in a basement with a dirt floor. Alice had seen enough horror movies to know that.
Alice stared at the basement door, trying to gather enough confidence to open it and march down the stairs like she owned the place. Because she did-or she would, once she finished paying her mortgage in 30 years. Alice took a deep breath and yanked the door open. She marched down the stairs, only to stop abruptly at the bottom. Because she was face to face with not a ghost at all. It was a calico cat, one who looked utterly unimpressed by her brave journey into the basement.
Which of the following words from the passage indicates time sequence or the order of events?
- A. Maybe
- B. Because
- C. But
- D. Once
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Once.' In the passage, the word 'Once' is used to introduce a specific time or event in the sequence of actions. It marks a clear point in time when Alice went down to the basement after buying the house, providing a chronological order of events. On the other hand, 'Maybe' expresses uncertainty, 'Because' indicates causation or reasoning, and 'But' shows contrast or contradiction. Therefore, 'Once' is the word that best indicates time sequence or the order of events in this context.
What really sets this species apart is how they reproduce. Mourning geckos are all female and reproduce through parthenogenesis, where the mother essentially clones herself to create her offspring. However, their genes have the ability to recombine to allow genetic variation and mutation. Like many other geckos, mourning geckos lay two eggs at a time several times a year. The eggs incubate for 65 to 103 days.
Which one of the following credentials would increase the author's credibility?
- A. A senior zoologist at a zoo in South America
- B. The head librarian at a nationally renowned university
- C. The editor of a prominent American newspaper
- D. A wildlife photographer for well-known nature periodicals
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this context, discussing the reproduction of mourning geckos, a credential related to zoology and animal behavior, such as being a senior zoologist, would enhance the author's credibility. A zoologist specializing in animal behavior and reproduction would have the relevant expertise and knowledge to discuss the unique reproductive characteristics of mourning geckos. Librarians, editors, and wildlife photographers, while respectable professions, do not directly relate to the topic being discussed.
Ingredients:
1 block extra-firm tofu
1 Tbsp neutral-flavored oil, such as canola or grapeseed
1 Tbsp soy sauce
1 Tbsp cornstarch
Directions:
Preheat oven to 400° F. Remove tofu from package and drain. Gently press tofu between two paper towels to remove excess water. Cut into cubes. Add tofu cubes to a medium mixing bowl. Add oil and soy sauce; stir gently with a rubber spatula to combine. Add cornstarch and mix until tofu cubes are evenly coated. Transfer to a lined baking sheet. Bake for 20 to 25 minutes.
What can be inferred about the author's purpose in developing this recipe?
- A. They believe there is a lack of information available about preparing tofu dishes.
- B. They wanted to write a fourth cookbook, this time on vegetarian options.
- C. They recently became vegan and have developed many meatless recipes to share.
- D. They are knowledgeable about tofu and want to share an enjoyable recipe with others.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the author's purpose in developing this recipe is to share their expertise and passion for cooking with tofu. The detailed instructions and specific ingredients used suggest a high level of knowledge in preparing tofu dishes. The author's focus is on creating an enjoyable recipe to share with others, as indicated by the carefully outlined steps to prepare the tofu. Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not align with the information provided in the recipe and the context of the question. The author's intent is to provide a flavorful and well-prepared tofu dish, showcasing their proficiency in tofu-based recipes.