Nokea
Which of the following substances does NOT NOT normally be expected to appear in normally pass through from glomerular urine? capillaries into the filtrate?
- A. water
- B. albumin
- C. urea
- D. sodium ions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: albumin. Glomerular capillaries have a filtration barrier that prevents large molecules like albumin from passing into the filtrate. Water (A), urea (C), and sodium ions (D) are smaller molecules that can pass through the filtration barrier and are normally found in the filtrate. Albumin, being a large protein molecule, is normally retained in the blood and not expected to appear in the filtrate. This is essential for maintaining proper blood composition and oncotic pressure.
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Which laboratory result is of most concern for a patient with cystitis?
- A. Serum WBC 9000/mm?
- B. Urinalysis with 1-2 WBCs present
- C. Urine bacteria 100,000 colonies/mL
- D. Serum hematocrit 36%
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a urine bacteria count of 100,000 colonies/mL indicates a significant bacterial infection, which is concerning for cystitis. This result suggests an active infection in the urinary tract, requiring prompt treatment.
A: Serum WBC of 9000/mm³ is within the normal range and may not necessarily indicate an active infection.
B: Urinalysis with 1-2 WBCs present is also within the normal range and may not be indicative of an acute infection.
D: Serum hematocrit of 36% is a measure of the proportion of red blood cells in the blood and is not directly related to cystitis.
A patient has experienced excessive losses of the kidneys
- A. The left kidneys connection to the common bile duct
- B. How will this lost bicarbonate be replaced?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because excessive losses of the kidneys can lead to metabolic acidosis due to bicarbonate loss. Bicarbonate is essential for maintaining acid-base balance in the body. Replacement of lost bicarbonate is crucial to prevent acidosis. Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys are not connected to the common bile duct. Choices C and D are not applicable to the scenario provided.
The nurse has implemented a bladder retraining
- A. Risk for deficient fluid volume related to urinary program for an older adult patient. The nurse places the diversion patient on a timed voiding schedule and performs an
- B. Risk for autonomic dysreflexia related to disruption of ultrasonic bladder scan after each voi
- C. The nurse notes the sacral plexus that the patient typically has approximately 50 mL of urine remaining in her bladder after voiding. What would
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because bladder retraining aims to improve urinary control and prevent incontinence in older adults. Implementing a timed voiding schedule helps the patient regain control over their bladder function and reduces the risk of urinary issues. Option B is incorrect as autonomic dysreflexia is not typically associated with bladder retraining. Option C is incorrect as it describes a normal bladder residual volume, which does not directly relate to bladder retraining. Option D is incomplete.
The nurse is assessing a patient admitted with renal
- A. Provide privacy for the patient. stones. During the admission assessment, what parameters would be priorities for the nurse to address?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing the patient's renal function parameters such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urine output are essential in determining the status of the kidneys. These parameters help the nurse evaluate renal function, assess for renal impairment, and monitor for any complications related to renal stones. Option A is incorrect as providing privacy is important but not a priority in this situation. Option C and D are incorrect as they do not address the specific parameters related to renal function assessment.
Intravenous furosemide is an alternative potent diuretic to Mannitol in the treatment of the following condition:
- A. Cardiac edema
- B. Cerebral edema
- C. Cirrhotic edema
- D. Pulmonary edema
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Pulmonary edema. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that is commonly used to treat pulmonary edema by reducing fluid overload in the lungs. It works by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle in the kidneys, leading to increased urine output. This helps to alleviate the congestion and fluid accumulation in the lungs seen in pulmonary edema. Mannitol, on the other hand, is typically used for cerebral edema due to its osmotic diuretic properties. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as furosemide is not the preferred diuretic for cardiac, cerebral, or cirrhotic edema.