Nokea
Which of the following tests is contraindicated for pregnant women?
- A. Barium enema
- B. Barium swallow
- C. Radionuclide imaging
- D. Gallbladder series test
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Radionuclide imaging. This test involves exposing the patient to radiation, which can be harmful to the developing fetus. Pregnant women should avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation to prevent potential harm to the baby.
A: Barium enema and B: Barium swallow involve the use of contrast material that is generally considered safe during pregnancy as it does not expose the fetus to radiation.
D: Gallbladder series test, such as ultrasound or MRI, are also safe for pregnant women as they do not involve radiation exposure.
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Which part of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes?
- A. Small intestine
- B. Large intestine
- C. Stomach
- D. Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Large intestine. The large intestine is responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter that passes through the small intestine. It reabsorbs water and electrolytes to maintain the body's fluid balance. The small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients and vitamins, while the stomach is responsible for the initial digestion of food and the pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine. Therefore, the large intestine is the correct choice for water and electrolyte absorption in the digestive system.
When the stomach is empty, it folds up into wrinkles called:
- A. shincters
- B. bolus
- C. rugae
- D. chyme
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: rugae. When the stomach is empty, it folds up into wrinkles called rugae. These folds allow the stomach to expand when food is consumed and contract when it is empty. Shincters (A) are muscular valves that control the flow of food in and out of the stomach, not the folds of the stomach itself. Bolus (B) refers to a small rounded mass of a substance, typically food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed, not the wrinkles of the stomach. Chyme (D) is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the small intestine, not the folds of the stomach.
Priority Decision: During the treatment of the patient with bleeding esophageal varices, what is the most important thing the nurse should do?
- A. Prepare the patient for immediate portal shunting surgery.
- B. Perform guaiac testing on all stools to detect occult blood.
- C. Maintain the patient's airway and prevent aspiration of blood.
- D. Monitor for the cardiac effects of IV vasopressin and nitroglycerin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C because maintaining the patient's airway and preventing aspiration of blood is the top priority in a patient with bleeding esophageal varices. This is crucial to prevent respiratory compromise and potential life-threatening complications. Immediate portal shunting surgery (A) is not the priority as stabilizing the patient comes first. Guaiac testing (B) is not the priority as it does not address the immediate risk of airway obstruction. Monitoring cardiac effects (D) is important but not as critical as ensuring the patient's airway is secure.
Which of the following is not a component of saliva?
- A. Water
- B. Amylase
- C. Mucus
- D. Hydrochloric acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hydrochloric acid. Saliva is composed mainly of water, amylase (an enzyme that breaks down starch), and mucus. Hydrochloric acid is not a component of saliva; instead, it is a component of gastric juice produced in the stomach. It plays a role in the digestion of food in the stomach by lowering the pH level. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer as it does not belong to the components of saliva. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are all components found in saliva.
On examining a patient 8 hours after having surgery to create a colostomy, what should the nurse expect to find?
- A. Hyperactive, high-pitched bowel sounds
- B. A brick-red, puffy stoma that oozes blood
- C. A purplish stoma, shiny and moist with mucus
- D. A small amount of liquid fecal drainage from the stoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because 8 hours post colostomy surgery, a purplish stoma that is shiny and moist with mucus indicates adequate blood supply and tissue perfusion, which are signs of a healthy stoma. A is incorrect as hyperactive, high-pitched bowel sounds are not expected immediately post-surgery. B is incorrect as a brick-red, puffy stoma oozing blood could indicate poor perfusion. D is incorrect as liquid fecal drainage is not expected immediately post-surgery; it usually starts a few days later.