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Which one of the following is an example of a primary health care (PHC) strategy in Canada?
- A. Developing innovative technology for monitoring the costs of medications
- B. Establishing telephone-based health information systems
- C. Creating new point of care documentation systems
- D. Funding for acute care in patient services
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Examples of PHC strategies in Canada include developing nurse practitioner legislation, creating community health centres and shared care models, establishing telephone-based health information systems, and creating electronic health records.
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In which year was universal health care insurance introduced in Canada?
- A. 1960
- B. 1966
- C. 1968
- D. 1972
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Universal health care insurance was introduced in Canada in 1966.
Which province opened the first nurse practitioner-led clinic in Canada?
- A. Alberta
- B. Quebec
- C. Ontario
- D. British Columbia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first nurse practitioner-led clinic opened in Sudbury, Ontario, in August 2007.
Which of the following projects was supported by the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) and funded by the federal government's Primary Health Care Transition Fund (PHCTF)?
- A. National Forum on Health
- B. Canadian Nurse Practitioner Initiative
- C. The Health Human Resource Project
- D. Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The CNA's advocacy for the role of nurse practitioners in a reformed PHC system led to the formation of the Canadian Nurse Practitioner Initiative (CNPI) funded by the Primary Health Care Transition Fund.
The Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) (2018) position paper advocates a 'health in all policies' orientation. What does this mean?
- A. All nurses should include the social determinants of health in assessments and interventions.
- B. Everyone is entitled to the same health care policies
- C. All nurses should be involved in the development of health policies.
- D. All policies should relate to health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The CNA (2018) position paper advocates the 'health in all policies' orientation and encourages all nurses to include social determinants of health in their assessments and interventions.
The following are examples of suggestions for innovation in health care as identified by Indigenous leaders, health leaders, and primary health care (PHC) physicians and nurses in Alberta.
- A. Involve Indigenous elders in the reduction of violence
- B. Monitor disease outbreaks in Indigenous communities
- C. Create Indigenous electronic health records
- D. Provide education on chronic disease
- E. Use telehealth to link Indigenous patients to elders
- F. Create a coherent model for engagement and outreach
- G. Increase funding for travel to health services
Correct Answer: A,E,F
Rationale: Suggestions for innovation identified by Indigenous leaders, provincial health system leaders, and PHC physicians and nurses in Alberta include having a coherent model for community engagement and outreach; learning from the success of others, such as the reduction in violence through the involvement of elders; and using technology, such as telehealth, to link Indigenous patients to elders for support on their healing journey.