Nokea
Why is iron supplementation given to pregnant women?
- A. To prevent anemia
- B. To promote fetal growth
- C. To prevent premature labor
- D. To prevent postpartum hemorrhage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Iron supplementation is given to pregnant women to prevent anemia. During pregnancy, iron requirements increase to support the growing fetus and maternal blood volume expansion. Anemia in pregnancy can lead to complications such as low birth weight, preterm birth, and maternal fatigue. Iron is essential for the production of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the tissues. Therefore, ensuring adequate iron levels helps prevent anemia and supports the health of both the mother and the baby.
Summary:
- A: Correct. Prevents anemia by supporting hemoglobin production.
- B: Incorrect. Fetal growth is influenced by various factors, not just iron.
- C: Incorrect. Premature labor is not directly prevented by iron supplementation.
- D: Incorrect. Postpartum hemorrhage is more related to factors like uterine atony, not iron levels.
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In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and about 34,968,000 females. What is the sex ratio?
- A. 99.06:100
- B. 100.94:100
- C. 50.23%
- D. 49.76%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sex ratio is calculated by dividing the number of males by the number of females and multiplying by 100. In this case, (35,299,000 / 34,968,000) x 100 = 100.94:100. This means for every 100 females, there are 100.94 males, indicating a slightly higher number of males.
Choice A (99.06:100) is incorrect as it suggests fewer males than females, which is not the case. Choice C (50.23%) and choice D (49.76%) are incorrect as they represent percentages rather than ratios, leading to a misleading interpretation of the data.
Which of the following is an appropriate site for administration of DPT vaccine?
- A. Deltoid muscle
- B. Vastus lateralis muscle
- C. Gluteus maximus muscle
- D. Abdomen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vastus lateralis muscle. The vastus lateralis is a recommended site for administration of DPT vaccine in infants and young children. It is a large muscle located in the thigh, providing a well-developed area for injection with minimal risk of hitting nerves or blood vessels. The site is easily accessible, especially for parents or caregivers administering the vaccine.
Choice A (Deltoid muscle) is more commonly used in adults, not preferred for infants. Choices C (Gluteus maximus muscle) and D (Abdomen) are not recommended sites for DPT vaccine administration due to potential risk of hitting sciatic nerve in the gluteal region and abdominal organs in the abdomen, respectively.
During prenatal consultation, a client asked you if she can have her delivery at home. After history taking and physical examination, you advised her against a home delivery. Which of the following findings disqualifies her for a home delivery?
- A. Her OB score is G5P3
- B. She has some palmar pallor
- C. Her blood pressure is 130/80
- D. Her baby is in cephalic presentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The OB score G5P3 means the client has had 5 pregnancies with 3 live births. This indicates a history of multiple pregnancies and deliveries, suggesting a higher risk for complications during labor. This would disqualify her for a home delivery due to the increased potential for obstetric emergencies.
Explanation for why the other choices are incorrect:
- B: Palmar pallor may indicate anemia but can be managed in a hospital setting.
- C: Blood pressure of 130/80 is within normal range and does not necessarily disqualify her for a home delivery.
- D: Cephalic presentation means the baby's head is down, which is a favorable position for delivery and does not disqualify her for a home birth.
You are in a client's home to attend to a delivery. Which of the following will you do first?
- A. Set up a sterile area
- B. Put on a clean gown and apron
- C. Cleanse the client's vulva with soap and water
- D. Note the interval, duration and intensity of labor and contractions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because as a healthcare provider attending to a delivery, noting the interval, duration, and intensity of labor and contractions is crucial for assessing the progress of labor and ensuring the safety of both the mother and the baby. This information helps in determining if the delivery is progressing normally or if there are any complications that require immediate attention. Setting up a sterile area (choice A) and putting on a clean gown and apron (choice B) are important steps but should come after assessing the labor progress. Cleansing the client's vulva with soap and water (choice C) is not recommended during labor as it can introduce bacteria and increase the risk of infection.
In the conduct of a census, the method of population assignment based on the actual physical location of the people is termed:
- A. De jure
- B. De locus
- C. De facto
- D. De novo
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: De facto. This method assigns individuals to a specific location based on where they are physically located during the census. "De facto" means "in fact" or "in reality." This ensures accurate representation of the population in a specific area at the time of the census.
A: De jure refers to assignment based on legal residence, not necessarily physical location.
B: De locus is not a standard term in census methodology.
D: De novo means "from the beginning" and is not relevant to population assignment in a census.