Nokea
You are providing care for a client with recently diagnosed asthma. What key points will you be sure to include in your teaching plan for this client? (Choose all that apply.)
- A. Avoid potential environmental asthma triggers such as smoke.
- B. Use inhaler 30 minutes before exercising to prevent bronchospasm.
- C. Wash all bedding in cold water to reduce and destroy dust mites.
- D. Be sure to get at least 8 hours of rest and sleep every night.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer includes A, B, and D. Avoiding triggers (A), using inhalers before exercise (B), and ensuring adequate rest (D) are important for asthma management. Washing bedding in cold water (C) is ineffective for destroying dust mites; hot water is required.
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When Bohr effect occurs due to increased CO2 tension, Oxygen affinity of Hb decreases. The reason for increased CO2 tension is
- A. Increase in P50
- B. Decrease in P50
- C. High CO2 content
- D. High O2 content
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because an increase in P50 indicates a decrease in oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (Hb), as seen in the Bohr effect. When CO2 tension rises, it forms carbonic acid in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH. This decrease in pH causes a right shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, resulting in lower oxygen affinity of Hb. Decreasing P50 reflects this reduced affinity. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a decrease in P50, high CO2 content, and high O2 content would not lead to a decrease in oxygen affinity as observed in the Bohr effect.
The function of tracheal cilia is to
- A. Pass mucus out
- B. Pass mucus in
- C. Pass air out
- D. Pass air out
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pass mucus out. Tracheal cilia help move mucus, which contains dust, debris, and pathogens, out of the respiratory tract to prevent infections and maintain clear airways. This process is known as mucociliary clearance. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because tracheal cilia do not pass mucus in, pass air out, or pass air in. Tracheal cilia specifically function to clear mucus out of the respiratory tract.
Which of the following conditions is evident by persistent hoarseness?
- A. Bacterial infection
- B. Laryngeal cancer
- C. Aphonia
- D. Peritonsillar abscess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Persistent hoarseness is a hallmark symptom of laryngeal cancer. A (bacterial infection) may cause temporary hoarseness but not persistent. C (aphonia) refers to complete loss of voice, not hoarseness. D (peritonsillar abscess) affects the throat but does not typically cause persistent hoarseness.
A male adult client is suspected of having a pulmonary embolism. A nurse assesses the client, knowing that which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of pulmonary embolism?
- A. Dyspnea
- B. Bradypnea
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Decreased respirations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dyspnea. Pulmonary embolism causes a blockage in the pulmonary arteries, leading to decreased oxygenation and subsequent shortness of breath. To assess for pulmonary embolism, a nurse would look for symptoms such as sudden onset dyspnea. Bradypnea (B) refers to abnormally slow breathing rate, which is not typically seen in pulmonary embolism. Bradycardia (C) is a slow heart rate, which may occur in some cases but is not a common clinical manifestation of pulmonary embolism. Decreased respirations (D) is too vague and does not specifically indicate the difficulty in breathing associated with pulmonary embolism.
The ED nurse is assessing the respiratory function of a teenage girl who presented with acute shortness of breath. Auscultation reveals continuous wheezes during inspiration and expiration. This finding is most suggestive of what?
- A. Pleurisy
- B. Emphysema
- C. Asthma
- D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The continuous wheezes heard on auscultation during both inspiration and expiration in a teenage girl with acute shortness of breath are highly suggestive of asthma. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction, leading to wheezing on both inspiration and expiration. Other choices like pleurisy typically present with sharp chest pain worsened by breathing, emphysema with decreased breath sounds and barrel chest, and pneumonia with crackles and possibly fever.