Nokea
A nurse teaches a client who had a supraglottic laryngectomy. Which technique would the nurse teach the client to prevent aspiration?
- A. Tilt the head back as far as possible when swallowing.
- B. Swallow twice while bearing down.
- C. Breathe slowly and deeply while swallowing.
- D. Keep the head very still and straight while swallowing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Swallow twice while bearing down. This technique helps close the trachea during swallowing to prevent aspiration. Swallowing twice initiates a double swallow, which helps clear the throat and reduce the risk of food or liquid entering the airway. Tilt the head back (A), breathing slowly and deeply (C), and keeping the head still and straight (D) do not directly address the risk of aspiration in a client with a supraglottic laryngectomy.
You may also like to solve these questions
Carina is the point where ...... divided
- A. Trachea
- B. bronchi
- C. larynx
- D. none of them
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trachea. Carina is the point where the trachea is divided into the left and right primary bronchi. This anatomical landmark is located at the lower end of the trachea where it bifurcates into the bronchi. The other choices, B: bronchi and C: larynx, are incorrect because the trachea is the structure that is divided at the carina, not the bronchi or larynx. Choice D: none of them is also incorrect because the trachea is indeed divided at the carina. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately describes the anatomical location where the trachea divides.
When the oxygen supply to the tissues is inadequate, the condition is
- A. Hypoxia
- B. Asphyxia
- C. Pleurisy
- D. Anoxia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypoxia. Hypoxia refers to inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues, leading to tissue damage. Asphyxia is a condition of suffocation due to lack of oxygen supply. Pleurisy is inflammation of the lining of the lungs, not directly related to oxygen supply. Anoxia is a severe form of hypoxia where there is complete deprivation of oxygen to the tissues. In this context, hypoxia best describes the condition of inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues.
The client with which of the following types of lung cancer metastasizes quickly?
- A. Adenocarcinoma
- B. Oat cell
- C. Squamous cell
- D. Bronchial carcinoids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oat cell. Oat cell (small cell) lung cancer metastasizes quickly due to its aggressive nature, high growth rate, and early dissemination to distant sites. This type of cancer is known for its rapid spread to other organs, leading to poor prognosis. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, and bronchial carcinoids have a slower metastatic rate compared to oat cell lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma tends to metastasize to the lymph nodes and other organs over time, while squamous cell typically spreads locally within the lung tissue. Bronchial carcinoids are slow-growing tumors with a lower propensity for rapid metastasis compared to oat cell lung cancer.
Which action should the nurse in the hypertension clinic take to obtain an accurate baseline blood pressure (BP) for a new client?
- A. Deflate the BP cuff at a rate of 30 mm Hg per second.
- B. Have the client sit in a chair with the feet flat on the floor.
- C. Assist the client to the supine position for BP measurements.
- D. Obtain two BP readings in the dominant arm and average the results.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because having the client sit in a chair with feet flat on the floor is the recommended position for accurate baseline BP measurement. This position ensures proper alignment of the heart and the cuff, reducing errors caused by arm positioning. Choice A is incorrect as deflating the cuff at a rate of 30 mm Hg per second is not related to obtaining an accurate baseline BP measurement. Choice C is incorrect as measuring BP in the supine position can lead to inaccurate readings due to changes in blood flow dynamics. Choice D is incorrect as obtaining two BP readings in the dominant arm and averaging the results may not provide an accurate baseline BP measurement due to variations in BP readings between arms.
Which pressure remains negative throughout the respiratory cycle?
- A. intrapulmonary
- B. intrapleural
- C. intra-alveolar
- D. atmospheric
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: intrapleural pressure. Intrapleural pressure remains negative throughout the respiratory cycle due to the opposing forces of the elastic recoil of the lungs and the chest wall. This negative pressure keeps the lungs inflated and facilitates breathing. In contrast, intrapulmonary (A) and intra-alveolar (C) pressures fluctuate during inhalation and exhalation, becoming positive and negative, respectively. Atmospheric pressure (D) remains relatively constant and serves as the reference point for pressure changes in the respiratory system.