Nokea
A client is being seen in the clinic to receive the results of the lab work to determine thyroid levels. The nurse observes the client's eyes appear to be bulging, and there is swelling around the eyes. What does the nurse know to be the correct documentation of this finding?
- A. Retinal detachment
- B. Periorbital swelling
- C. Bulging eyes
- D. Exophthalmos
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Exophthalmos is the correct term for bulging eyes and periorbital swelling, often associated with hyperthyroidism (e.g., Graves' disease). Retinal detachment, periorbital swelling alone, or the vague term 'bulging eyes' are less precise.
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An instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a class on the various pituitary hormones. Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary gland?
- A. Somatotropin
- B. Prolactin
- C. Oxytocin
- D. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. Somatotropin, prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
A client is experiencing an increase in blood glucose levels. The nurse understands that which of the following hormones would be important in lowering the client's blood glucose level?
- A. Insulin
- B. Parathormone
- C. Melatonin
- D. Calcitonin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, released by the beta islet cells of the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels when they rise above normal. Parathormone regulates calcium levels, melatonin influences sleep cycles and mood, and calcitonin inhibits calcium release from bones.
The nurse should inform the client that oxytocin's function in the body is to do what?
- A. It causes production and secretion of thyroid hormones.
- B. It increases blood calcium by stimulating calcium release from the bone and decreases the blood phosphate level.
- C. It stimulates bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis and fat mobilization.
- D. It stimulates the contraction of the pregnant uterus before birth and stimulates the release of breast milk after childbirth.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oxytocin, secreted by the posterior pituitary, stimulates uterine contractions during labor and breast milk release postpartum. The other options describe functions of thyroid-stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, and somatotropin, respectively.
The nurse is caring for a client with an immunodeficiency disorder. Lab results show that the client does not have an adequate number of T lymphocytes needed to improve immune function. Which gland should be investigated for dysfunction?
- A. Thymus
- B. Parathyroid
- C. Thyroid
- D. Adrenal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The thymus gland secretes thymosin and thymopoietin, which are essential for T lymphocyte development, critical for immune function. The parathyroid, thyroid, and adrenal glands do not directly influence T lymphocyte production.
A client is admitted to the hospital and will be undergoing tests to determine if an abdominal mass is present. What should the nurse be sure to document when asking about allergies?
- A. If the client is allergic to beef
- B. If the client is allergic to pork
- C. If the client is allergic to shellfish
- D. If the client is allergic to grapefruit
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse must document allergies to iodine or shellfish, as these can react with contrast dyes used in imaging tests for abdominal masses. Allergies to beef, pork, or grapefruit are not relevant to contrast dye safety.