Nokea
The nurse responsible for completing the medical history during a couple's initial visit to the reproductive medicine clinic recognizes which condition as the leading cause of tubal factor infertility in females?
- A. History of endometriosis
- B. History of pelvic inflammatory disease
- C. History of ectopic pregnancy
- D. History of Asherman's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes, causing tubal factor infertility. Step 1: Identify common causes of tubal factor infertility. Step 2: Understand that PID is a major risk factor for tubal damage. Step 3: Recognize the importance of medical history in identifying underlying conditions. Other choices are incorrect because they do not directly relate to tubal factor infertility. Endometriosis (A) can affect fertility but is not the leading cause of tubal factor infertility. Ectopic pregnancy (C) and Asherman's syndrome (D) can impact fertility differently but are not the primary cause of tubal factor infertility.
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A woman who is taking clomiphene citrate (Clomid) phones the infertility clinic and says that she has some nausea each morning and frequency of urination. She suspects that she may be pregnant. The correct nursing response is to:
- A. Tell her that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period.
- B. Have her come to the clinic promptly for sensitive pregnancy testing.
- C. Explain that she should have a pregnancy test after she completes this drug cycle.
- D. Reassure her that her symptoms are commonly seen in women who take this drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing response is to tell the woman that pregnancy cannot be determined until she misses her next period. Symptoms like nausea and frequency of urination can be side effects of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) and do not guarantee pregnancy.
Lisa, a 35-year-old practicing attorney and marathon runner, presents to the clinic with a complaint of irregular menses. She tells the nurse, 'My husband and I want to start a family but it hasn't happened yet. We stopped using birth control 6 months ago. Should we be concerned?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Relax and it will happen.
- B. No, infertility is the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse.
- C. Aging and extreme exercise regimens may impact fertility. You should address your concerns with your provider during today's visit.
- D. Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity will increase your chances of conceiving.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it addresses Lisa's concerns about fertility in a comprehensive and logical manner. Firstly, it acknowledges the potential impact of aging and extreme exercise on fertility, which is important considering Lisa's age and marathon running. Secondly, it emphasizes the importance of discussing her concerns with her healthcare provider during the visit, ensuring a thorough evaluation and appropriate guidance. This response shows understanding of the possible factors contributing to her irregular menses and infertility concerns.
Now, let's analyze the other choices:
A: "Relax and it will happen" is dismissive and lacks medical advice or addressing potential underlying causes of infertility.
B: "No, infertility is the failure to conceive after 1 year of unprotected intercourse" provides a definition of infertility but does not offer practical advice or address Lisa's specific situation.
D: "Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity will increase your chances of conceiving" assumes exercise is the sole factor affecting fertility and oversimplifies the issue without considering other potential causes.
How does lifestyle modification improve fertility in women?
- A. It guarantees successful conception within one cycle.
- B. Maintaining a healthy weight and reducing stress improve hormonal balance and ovulation.
- C. Eliminating all carbohydrates enhances egg quality.
- D. Exercise has no role in supporting fertility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because maintaining a healthy weight and reducing stress can improve hormonal balance and ovulation, leading to increased fertility. Healthy lifestyle choices positively impact reproductive health by regulating menstrual cycles and promoting optimal conditions for conception. Eliminating all carbohydrates (choice C) is not necessary and can be harmful as the body needs a balanced diet. Exercise (choice D) plays a crucial role in supporting fertility by promoting overall health and reducing stress, contrary to the statement that exercise has no role in fertility. Choice A is incorrect as successful conception is not guaranteed within one cycle with lifestyle modifications.
How does lifestyle modification improve male fertility?
- A. By directly increasing sperm motility and morphology.
- B. By reducing stress and improving overall reproductive health.
- C. By guaranteeing successful fertilization.
- D. By eliminating the need for medical treatments.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because lifestyle modifications such as reducing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding harmful substances, and exercising can improve male fertility by optimizing overall reproductive health. Stress reduction can positively impact hormone levels and sperm production. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because lifestyle modifications do not directly guarantee successful fertilization, eliminate the need for medical treatments, or directly improve sperm motility and morphology.
What should the nurse emphasize when discussing healthy BMI and fertility with a patient?
- A. A healthy BMI has no impact on fertility outcomes.
- B. A BMI within the normal range supports hormonal balance and ovulation.
- C. BMI only matters during pregnancy, not before conception.
- D. Low BMI always improves fertility rates.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a BMI within the normal range is associated with improved hormonal balance and ovulation, which are crucial factors for fertility. This is supported by research showing that both underweight and overweight BMI can negatively impact fertility. Choice A is incorrect as BMI does impact fertility outcomes. Choice C is incorrect as BMI plays a role before conception as well. Choice D is incorrect as a low BMI can actually decrease fertility rates due to hormonal imbalances.