Nokea
A patient with severe infectious disease is being treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics. Which of the following diuretic should be avoided for this patient because of the serious side effect shared by both drugs?
- A. Furosemide
- B. Hydrochlorothiazide
- C. Spironolactone
- D. Acetazolamide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Furosemide. Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Furosemide, a loop diuretic, also has the potential to cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Therefore, combining aminoglycosides with furosemide can increase the risk of these serious side effects.
B: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that does not share the same severe side effects as aminoglycosides.
C: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic and does not have the same side effects as aminoglycosides.
D: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic and does not share the same severe side effects as aminoglycosides.
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Carol Carson was taught self breast examination (SBE) during her last hospitalization and tells you that she has been doing the examination every month without difficulty. Which statement by Mrs. Carson would indicate to you that she does NOT have a complete understanding of the self breast examination technique?
- A. I do the examination every month a few days after my period.
- B. I use my fingertips to examine all of the breast tissues.
- C. I begin the examination by inspecting my breasts with hands at my side.
- D. I especially check the upper, outer quadrants and under my arms.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mrs. Carson's statement indicates a lack of understanding because she mentions beginning the examination by inspecting her breasts with hands at her side. The correct technique for self breast examination (SBE) involves inspecting the breasts visually in front of a mirror with hands on hips or raised above the head. This position allows for better visualization and palpation of the breast tissue. Starting the examination with hands at the sides may result in missing important areas for inspection. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they all align with proper SBE techniques such as timing the examination, using fingertips to examine all breast tissues, and focusing on specific areas like the upper, outer quadrants, and underarms.
Which of the following drugs valuable in the treatment of edema and * metabolic alkalosis?
- A. Digoxin
- B. Spironalctone
- C. Dobutamine
- D. Acetazolamide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acetazolamide. Acetazolamide is a diuretic that inhibits carbonic anhydrase enzyme, leading to increased excretion of bicarbonate ions, thus causing metabolic alkalosis correction and reducing edema. Digoxin (A) is used for heart failure, Spironolactone (B) is a potassium-sparing diuretic, and Dobutamine (C) is a beta-adrenergic agonist used for heart failure, none of which directly address metabolic alkalosis.
Which antileprosy drug that both suppresses lepra reaction and reversal * reaction?:
- A. Dapsone
- B. Rifampin
- C. Clofazimine
- D. Minocycline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Clofazimine is the correct answer because it is known to suppress both lepra reaction and reversal reaction in leprosy treatment.
Step 2: Dapsone is mainly used to treat leprosy but does not specifically target lepra reaction.
Step 3: Rifampin is effective against leprosy but does not have a direct impact on lepra reactions.
Step 4: Minocycline can be used in leprosy treatment but does not have the same dual action as clofazimine.
The following drug is used for oral treatment of trichomonas vaginitis: *
- A. Diiodohydroxyquin
- B. Tinidazole
- C. Clotrimazole
- D. Ketoconazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tinidazole. This drug is used for oral treatment of trichomonas vaginitis due to its high efficacy against the parasite. Tinidazole is a nitroimidazole antibiotic that targets anaerobic organisms like Trichomonas vaginalis. Diiodohydroxyquin (A) is used for amoebiasis, not trichomonas. Clotrimazole (C) and Ketoconazole (D) are antifungal medications and not effective against trichomonas parasites.
Which of the following diuretics is the most potent and cause hypotension * due to hypovolemia from excessive diuresis?
- A. Acetazolamide
- B. Furosemide
- C. Spironolactone
- D. Hydrocholorpthiazide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Furosemide is a loop diuretic, known for its high potency in inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle.
Step 2: This leads to significant diuresis, causing hypovolemia and subsequent hypotension.
Step 3: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretic, not as potent as loop diuretics.
Step 4: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, less likely to cause hypotension due to its mechanism of action.
Step 5: Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic, less potent than loop diuretics like furosemide in causing hypovolemia and hypotension.