Endocrine System Questions

Endocrine System Questions Related

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A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?

  • A. humoral
  • B. hormonal
  • C. neural
  • D. positive feedback
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: neural. In this scenario, the student experiences the fight or flight response, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. The pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing are all physiological responses triggered by the activation of neural pathways in response to a perceived threat or stress. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Humoral stimuli involve changes in blood levels of certain substances triggering hormone release.
B: Hormonal stimuli involve the release of hormones in response to other hormones.
D: Positive feedback is a mechanism that amplifies a response, not directly related to the immediate physiological responses seen in this case.

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Mrs. Jones, a 46-year-old diabetic, is 5'2\ and weighs 200 lb. Which area of health-care teaching should assume greatest priority for this patient?"

  • A. Exercise
  • B. Foot care
  • C. Diet
  • D. Eye care
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Diet is the priority for a patient with diabetes, especially one with a high body mass index (BMI), to help with blood sugar control and prevent complications.

A congenital condition that includes mental retardation, short disproportional body size, and a thick tongue and neck is caused by __________.

  • A. insulin deficiency
  • B. deficiency of thymosin
  • C. deficiency of thyroxin
  • D. excess of synthetic growth hormone
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: The congenital condition described points towards a disorder affecting growth and development.
Step 2: The symptoms of mental retardation, short body size, and thick neck suggest hypothyroidism.
Step 3: Thyroxin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism and growth.
Step 4: A deficiency of thyroxin in congenital hypothyroidism leads to the described symptoms.
Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C: deficiency of thyroxin.

Summary:
A: Insulin deficiency does not match the symptoms described.
B: Thymosin deficiency is not related to growth and mental retardation.
D: Excess of synthetic growth hormone would not cause mental retardation and thick neck.

To assure accuracy of a urine test for glucose and acetone, the nurse instructs the patient to

  • A. perform the urine test one-half hour after meals and at bedtime
  • B. drink three glasses of water before the test
  • C. void one-half hour before the test, then at the time of the test
  • D. increase carbohydrate intake if the results are negative
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To ensure accurate results, the patient should void before the test and then test the urine at the specified time.

The patient with adrenal insufficiency is to be discharged taking prednisone 10 mg orally each day. What will you be sure to teach the patient?

  • A. Report excessive weight gain or swelling to the physician.
  • B. Rapid changes of position may cause hypotension.
  • C. A diet with foods high in potassium may be beneficial.
  • D. Signs of hypoglycemia may occur while taking this drug.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Patients taking prednisone for adrenal insufficiency should be advised that rapid changes of position can lead to hypotension due to the body's decreased ability to regulate blood pressure.

Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________.

  • A. adrenal medulla
  • B. pancreas
  • C. thyroid gland
  • D. thymus gland
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: thymus gland. The thymus gland is crucial for the development and maturation of T cells, a type of immune cell. The hormones produced by the thymus gland, such as thymosin, play a key role in the proper functioning of the immune system. Without a functional thymus gland, the immune response would be compromised.

Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Adrenal medulla does not play a direct role in immune response development.
B: Pancreas primarily produces hormones related to blood sugar regulation, not immune response.
C: Thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, not directly related to immune response development.

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