Nokea
Aflatoxin causes,
- A. neurolathyrism
- B. hepatoma
- C. cholengio carcinoma
- D. botulism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aflatoxins are carcinogenic compounds that primarily cause liver cancer (hepatoma).
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Identify the type of study design described: The physical examination records of the incoming first-year class of 1935 at the University of Minnesota are examined in 1980 to see whether the freshmen's recorded height and weight at the time of admission to the university were related to their chance of developing coronary heart disease by 1981.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Cross-sectional study
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This retrospective analysis constitutes a cohort study linking baseline characteristics to future outcomes.
Suggest other examples of how epidemiology might be applied to study the causality of disease.
- A. Investigating the link between air pollution and respiratory diseases.
- B. Studying the impact of diet on cardiovascular health.
- C. Examining the relationship between smoking and lung cancer.
- D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Epidemiology can study disease causality in various contexts, including environmental exposures, lifestyle factors, and behavioral risks.
In the study of COPD which test will be suitable:
- A. Z test
- B. t- test
- C. chi-square test
- D. anova test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: T-tests are commonly used to compare means in studies like those evaluating COPD treatments.
PNMR refers to:
- A. post Neonatal mortality rate
- B. post natal mortality rate
- C. perinatal mortality rate
- D. prenatal mortality rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-neonatal mortality rate refers to deaths occurring between 28 days and one year of age.
Identify some infectious diseases that could reach pandemic occurrence during the 21st century.
- A. Influenza, Ebola, Zika.
- B. Diabetes, hypertension.
- C. Osteoporosis, arthritis.
- D. Cancer, Alzheimer's.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Emerging infectious diseases with high transmissibility, such as influenza and Ebola, pose significant pandemic risks.