Nokea
All of the following are hormones of the anterior pituitary except:
- A. Human growth hormone (GH).
- B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
- C. Parathyroid hormone(PTH).
- D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Parathyroid hormone (PTH). The anterior pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions, such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism. PTH is actually produced by the parathyroid glands, not the anterior pituitary. Human growth hormone (GH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are all hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Therefore, C is the correct answer as it is not a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
You may also like to solve these questions
As a precaution for vocal cord paralysis from damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroidectomy surgery, what equipment should be in the room in case it is needed for this emergency situation?
- A. Tracheostomy tray
- B. IV calcium gluconate
- C. Oxygen equipment
- D. Paper and pencil for communication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A tracheostomy tray should be readily available in case of airway obstruction due to vocal cord paralysis following thyroid surgery.
Which of these hormones is released by the posterior pituitary gland?
- A. thyroid hormone
- B. antidiuretic hormone
- C. glucagon
- D. insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH is released by the posterior pituitary gland to regulate water balance in the body by controlling the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. Thyroid hormone (A) is produced by the thyroid gland, while glucagon (C) and insulin (D) are produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels. ADH is the only hormone among the choices that is released by the posterior pituitary gland, making it the correct answer.
Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses; this is because ________.
- A. there are thousands of receptors on the cell membrane
- B. the receptors bind to several hormones at the same time
- C. the protein kinases are rapidly metabolized
- D. during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes, leading to a cascade of signaling events that can trigger multiple responses in a cell. This process amplifies and diversifies the cellular response to hormones.
A: Choice A is incorrect because the number of receptors on the cell membrane does not directly relate to the ability of hormones to elicit multiple responses.
B: Choice B is incorrect because receptors typically bind to one hormone molecule at a time, not multiple hormones simultaneously.
C: Choice C is incorrect because the rapid metabolism of protein kinases does not directly explain why hormones can elicit multiple responses in a cell.
Which of the following is NOT true of glucagon?
- A. produced by the pancreas
- B. increases blood glucose levels
- C. promotes the use of fat and protein instead of glucose
- D. stimulates the liver to store glucose as glycogen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because glucagon actually stimulates the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, not store glucose as glycogen. Glucagon helps increase blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, and it also promotes the use of fat and protein for energy when glucose levels are low. Choices A, B, and C are all true statements about glucagon, making them incorrect options in this context.
Carbohydrate absorption:
- A. all glucose, galactose and fructose is co-transported with Na by the SGLT-2 transporter into enterocytes
- B. all glucose/galactose and fructose is transported across the basolateral membrane by GLUT2
- C. fructose absorption is a secondary active transport mechanism
- D. absorption is decreased by insulin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
- GLUT2 transporter on basolateral membrane transports glucose, galactose, and fructose.
- SGLT-2 transporter on apical membrane co-transports glucose and galactose with Na.
- Fructose absorption is via facilitated diffusion, not secondary active transport.
- Insulin increases, not decreases, carbohydrate absorption.