Questions to Ask About Neurological System

Questions to Ask About Neurological System Related

Review Questions to Ask About Neurological System related questions and content

At a visit to the provider's office, an older adult patient's partner reports that the patient has nausea, diarrhea, and a loss of appetite. He has a history of Alzheimer's disease and is taking donepezil (Aricept). The provider should advise which of the following?

  • A. Take the drug with food.
  • B. Stop taking the drug right away.
  • C. Take a reduced dosage of the drug.
  • D. Undergo liver function tests right away.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil commonly cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and other gastrointestinal symptoms. This is due to the increase of acetylcholine in all parts of the body, and its subsequent effect on the gastrointestinal tract and other systems of the body. The provider should explain to the patient and his caregiver that taking the drug with food and at bedtime will help minimize uncomfortable gastrointestinal effects. The provider also should instruct the partner to report vomiting, severe diarrhea, weight loss, or signs of gastrointestinal bleeding, such as dark stools or coffee-ground emesis, especially if the patient is also taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. At this point, it is not necessary to stop taking the drug, reduce the dosage, or undergo liver function tests.

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Central paresis, loss of proprioceptive sensation on one side & loss of exteroceptive sensation on the opposite form the following syndrome:

  • A. Lambert-Iton
  • B. Matskevich-Shtrumpel
  • C. Argile-Robertson
  • D. Brown-Sequard
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Brown-Sequard syndrome is the correct answer because it is characterized by ipsilateral motor paralysis and loss of proprioception, and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation. This syndrome results from damage to one side of the spinal cord, typically due to trauma or tumors.

The client newly diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) states, 'I don't understand how I got multiple sclerosis. Is it genetic?' On which statement should the nurse base the response?

  • A. Genetics may play a role in susceptibility to MS, but the disease may be caused by a virus.
  • B. There is no evidence suggesting there is any chromosomal involvement in developing MS.
  • C. Multiple sclerosis is caused by a recessive gene, so both parents had to have the gene for the client to get MS.
  • D. Multiple sclerosis is caused by an autosomal dominant gene on the Y chromosome, so only fathers can pass it on.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: MS has a genetic component that increases susceptibility, but environmental factors, such as viral infections, also play a significant role in its development.

The right hand of a client with multiple sclerosis trembles severely whenever she attempts a voluntary action. She spills her coffee twice at lunch and cannot get her dress fastened securely. Which is the best legal documentation in nurses' notes of the chart for this client assessment?

  • A. Has an intention tremor of the right hand.
  • B. Right-hand tremor worsens with purposeful acts.
  • C. Needs assistance with dressing and eating due to severe trembling and clumsiness.
  • D. Slight shaking of right hand increases to severe tremor when client tries to button her clothes or drink from a cup.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Documenting the specific circumstances under which the tremor worsens provides a clear and accurate description of the client's condition.

The following are true about spectral sensitivity of the retina:

  • A. in scotopic conditions, the peak sensitivity of the eye is near 500 nm
  • B. under photopic conditions the peak sensitivity is near 555 nm
  • C. in the presence of a bright yellow steady background light the retina has a peak sensitivity near 440 nm to a 25-Hz stimulus
  • D. all above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Scotopic sensitivity peaks at 500 nm, photopic at 555 nm, and a yellow background shifts sensitivity to 440 nm for a 25-Hz stimulus. All statements are correct.

When assessing a patient's level of consciousness, which response would indicate a decreased level of consciousness?

  • A. The patient is drowsy but can be easily aroused.
  • B. The patient is alert and oriented.
  • C. The patient responds quickly to verbal stimuli.
  • D. The patient is fully awake and responsive.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A drowsy patient who can be easily aroused indicates a decreased level of consciousness. Alertness, quick responses, and full wakefulness are normal findings.

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