Nokea
Gastrin hormone:
- A. Released from the duodenum.
- B. Stimulates HCL secretion.
- C. inhibits stomach emptying.
- D. All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gastrin stimulates HCL secretion. Gastrin is a hormone released from the stomach, not the duodenum. It acts to increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCL) in the stomach, aiding in digestion. Gastrin also accelerates stomach emptying, contrary to choice C. Therefore, options A and C are incorrect. Choice D is incorrect as well because only option B is correct.
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Which one of the connective tissue sheets listed below consists of two layers of serous membranes with a thin layer of connective tissue between them and attaches to the small intestine?
- A. lesser omentum
- B. mesentery proper
- C. greater omentum
- D. falciform ligament
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: mesentery proper. The mesentery proper consists of two layers of serous membranes with a thin layer of connective tissue between them, and it attaches to the small intestine. This structure provides support and allows for movement of the small intestine.
A: The lesser omentum attaches the stomach to the liver, not the small intestine.
C: The greater omentum is a large apron-like structure that hangs down from the stomach and covers the intestines, but it does not specifically attach to the small intestine.
D: The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall, not the small intestine.
Which of the following is true regarding the small intestine?
- A. It produces digestive enzymes
- B. It absorbs nutrients
- C. It produces bile
- D. It stores waste
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the small intestine is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food. It has specialized structures like villi to maximize nutrient absorption. Choice A is incorrect as the pancreas and other organs produce digestive enzymes. Choice C is incorrect as the liver produces bile. Choice D is incorrect as waste is stored in the large intestine, not the small intestine.
The submucosa of the GIT
- A. Is important for protection
- B. Helps with absorption and secretion
- C. Contains an outer and inner layer
- D. Is between the serosa and muscularis externa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The submucosa of the GIT is rich in blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, aiding in absorption and secretion of nutrients and fluids. The submucosa is not primarily responsible for protection (choice A). It does not contain distinct outer and inner layers (choice C). The submucosa is located between the mucosa and muscularis externa, not the serosa (choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is B as it aligns with the known functions and characteristics of the submucosa.
The nurse explains that the older adult is prone to digestive disorders related to which age-related change?
- A. Decreased hydrochloric acid
- B. Increased enzyme levels
- C. Inadequate chewing
- D. Diminished intestinal motility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased hydrochloric acid. As people age, there is a natural decline in hydrochloric acid production in the stomach, leading to decreased digestion and absorption of nutrients. This can result in digestive disorders such as malabsorption. Increased enzyme levels (B) would actually be beneficial for digestion. Inadequate chewing (C) can lead to issues like choking but is not specifically related to age. Diminished intestinal motility (D) can occur with age but is not directly linked to digestive disorders in older adults.
Which enzyme is primarily responsible for the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine?
- A. Pepsin
- B. Lipase
- C. Amylase
- D. Trypsin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Amylase. Amylase is primarily responsible for digesting carbohydrates in the small intestine. It breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars like maltose and glucose. Pepsin (A) is a stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins, not carbohydrates. Lipase (B) digests fats, not carbohydrates. Trypsin (D) is a pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins, not carbohydrates. Amylase is the only enzyme among the choices that specifically targets carbohydrates for digestion in the small intestine.