Nokea
Identify a characteristic of type I diabetes (IDDM).
- A. Development has a correlation with obesity.
- B. Most common form of diabetes.
- C. Body cells do not respond to insulin.
- D. Treatment usually involves insulin injections.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sure! The correct answer is D because type I diabetes (IDDM) is characterized by the body's inability to produce insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Insulin injections are necessary to replace the missing insulin.
A is incorrect because type I diabetes is not associated with obesity. B is incorrect because type II diabetes is actually the most common form. C is incorrect because in type I diabetes, the body's cells do not produce insulin, rather than not responding to it.
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The patient is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). What manifestation should the nurse expect to find?
- A. Decreased body weight
- B. Decreased urinary output
- C. Increased plasma osmolality
- D. Increased serum sodium levels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In SIADH, inappropriate ADH secretion causes water retention, leading to decreased urine output and dilutional hyponatremia.
A patient presents with food poisoning that is attributed to botulism (Botulinum toxin poisoning). Which of the following is a correct characteristic, finding, or mechanism associated with this toxin?
- A. Complete failure of all cholinergic neurotransmission
- B. Favorable response to administration of pralidoxime
- C. Impairment of parasympathetic, but not sympathetic, nervous system activation
- D. Massive overstimulation of all structures having muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Complete failure of all cholinergic neurotransmission. Botulinum toxin inhibits acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, leading to complete failure of all cholinergic neurotransmission. This results in flaccid paralysis and characteristic symptoms of botulism. Choice B is incorrect because pralidoxime is used to treat organophosphate poisoning, not botulism. Choice C is incorrect as botulinum toxin affects both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Choice D is incorrect as botulinum toxin does not cause overstimulation but rather inhibits neurotransmission.
What is meant by the term biodiversity?
- A. an increase in the number of different species that live in an area
- B. how organisms and their environment interact
- C. the number of different animals that live in an area
- D. the number of different species that live in an area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem, specifically the number of different species present. This term encompasses all forms of life, from bacteria to plants to animals. Choice A is incorrect as it only focuses on the increase in the number of species, not the overall diversity. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the interaction between organisms and their environment, not the diversity of species. Choice C is incorrect as it limits biodiversity to only animals, neglecting the importance of other living organisms in an ecosystem.
The posterior pituitary stores and releases:
- A. Growth hormone & Prolactin
- B. Prolactin & Oxytocin
- C. Oxytocin & ADH
- D. ADH & GH
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oxytocin & ADH. The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus. Oxytocin is responsible for uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) regulates water balance by influencing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. Growth hormone (GH) and Prolactin are released by the anterior pituitary, not the posterior pituitary. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the hormones stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
Twenty-eight-year-old Alicia has recently been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism include:
- A. Tachycardia, sweating, and tremors.
- B. Fatigue, lethargy, and weight gain.
- C. Muscle twitching, tetany, and galactorrhea.
- D. Scotoma, alopecia, and hirsutism.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include increased heart rate (tachycardia), excessive sweating, and tremors due to the overactive thyroid gland.