Nokea
Identify a gland that is controlled by an anterior pituitary hormone.
- A. pancreas
- B. parathyroid
- C. adrenal medulla
- D. ovary
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: ovary. The anterior pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) that regulate the function of the ovaries. FSH stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles, while LH triggers ovulation and stimulates the production of progesterone and estrogen. The pancreas (A) is mainly controlled by insulin and glucagon from the pancreas itself. The parathyroid gland (B) is regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) secreted by the parathyroid glands. The adrenal medulla (C) is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, not by anterior pituitary hormones.
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Which of the following is a protein hormone?
- A. Oxytocin
- B. Insulin
- C. TSH
- D. ADH
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. Insulin is a protein hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids, and insulin fits this definition. Oxytocin (A) is a peptide hormone, not a protein. TSH (C) and ADH (D) are both peptide hormones as well, not proteins. In summary, insulin is the only option that fits the criteria of being a protein hormone.
The two regulatory systems of the body are the endocrine system and the .
- A. skeletal system
- B. immune system
- C. nervous system
- D. respiratory system
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: nervous system. The endocrine system regulates body functions through hormones, while the nervous system controls body functions through electrical impulses. Both systems coordinate and control various bodily functions. The skeletal system (A) supports and protects the body, the immune system (B) defends against pathogens, and the respiratory system (D) facilitates gas exchange. However, these systems do not primarily regulate and control bodily functions like the endocrine and nervous systems.
Adrenaline can be used in the following EXCEPT:
- A. Allergic reactions
- B. Acute bronchial asthma
- C. Complete heart block
- D. Angina pectoris
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic drug that acts on adrenergic receptors. In acute situations like allergic reactions, bronchial asthma, and heart block, adrenaline can be beneficial due to its bronchodilator and vasoconstrictor effects. However, in angina pectoris, which is caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, the vasoconstrictor effect of adrenaline can worsen the condition by increasing the workload of the heart. Therefore, adrenaline should not be used in angina pectoris.
ACTH stimulates the:
- A. hypothalamus to secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).
- B. adenohypophysis to secrete cortisol.
- C. adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol.
- D. adrenal medulla to secrete glucagon.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol. Step 1: ACTH is released from the anterior pituitary gland. Step 2: ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release cortisol. Choice A is incorrect because CRH is secreted by the hypothalamus to stimulate ACTH release. Choice B is incorrect because cortisol is produced in the adrenal cortex, not the adenohypophysis. Choice D is incorrect because the adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline and noradrenaline, not glucagon.
In a patient with an elevated serum cortisol, what would the nurse expect other laboratory findings to reveal?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hyponatremia
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Decreased serum triglycerides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated cortisol levels can lead to hypokalemia, as cortisol influences the balance of sodium and potassium in the body.