Nokea
Intravenous Plain NSS infusion is the treatment of choice for the following * complications of furosemide therapy:
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Severe dehydration
- C. Dilutional hyponatremia
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Intravenous Plain NSS infusion is the treatment of choice for dilutional hyponatremia, which can occur as a complication of furosemide therapy due to excessive diuresis leading to low sodium levels. This solution helps restore normal sodium levels without affecting the fluid balance.
Summary:
A: Hypokalemia - Furosemide therapy can cause hypokalemia, which is usually treated with potassium supplements, not NSS infusion.
B: Severe dehydration - NSS infusion may be used for severe dehydration but is not specific to furosemide therapy complications.
D: None of the above - Incorrect, as C is the correct answer for dilutional hyponatremia.
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The examiner is going to inspect and palpate for a hernia. During this exam, the man is instructed to:
- A. Hold his breath during palpation.
- B. Cough after the examiner has gently inserted the exam finger into the rectum.
- C. Bear down when the examiner’s finger is at the inguinal canal.
- D. Relax in a supine position while the exam finger is inserted into the canal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Bear down when the examiner's finger is at the inguinal canal. This action increases intra-abdominal pressure, which helps to push out any potential hernia through the inguinal canal for easier detection. Holding his breath (A) would not facilitate hernia detection. Coughing after insertion (B) is used for rectal exams, not hernia assessment. Relaxing in a supine position (D) is not helpful for hernia examination as it does not aid in hernia protrusion.
A 75 year old male with BPH has continues to have urinary symptoms of * prostatic obstruction after trial of alpha blocking drug tamsulosin . Dutasteride is added to his therapy,he is also taking hydrochlorothiazide sildenafil and
- A. Which of the following medication could have an interaction with dutasteride?
- B. Tamsulosin
- C. Testosterone
- D. Seldinal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sildenafil. Dutasteride and sildenafil are both metabolized by the same enzymes in the liver, specifically CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. When taken together, sildenafil can increase the blood levels of dutasteride, leading to a higher risk of side effects. Tamsulosin (choice B) is commonly used in combination with dutasteride for BPH without significant interactions. Testosterone (choice C) is not typically used in BPH treatment and does not interact significantly with dutasteride. Therefore, the potential interaction between dutasteride and sildenafil is the reason why choice D is correct.
The mother of an 8-year-old girl has brought her child to the clinic because she is wetting the bed at night. What terminology should the nurse use when documenting this situation?
- A. Ascites
- B. Dysuria
- C. Enuresis
- D. Urgency
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct terminology for bedwetting in an 8-year-old is enuresis. Enuresis specifically refers to the involuntary discharge of urine during sleep at an age where bladder control is expected. This term is appropriate for the child's situation as it accurately describes the bedwetting issue. Ascites (A) refers to abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, not related to bedwetting. Dysuria (B) is painful urination, which is not the issue described. Urgency (D) refers to a sudden compelling need to urinate, which is also not relevant to this scenario. Using the correct term, enuresis, will ensure accurate documentation and communication regarding the child's bedwetting issue.
Which of the following secretes the antidiuretic hormone?
- A. Lungs
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Liver
- D. Pineal gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, is produced and secreted by the pituitary gland. This hormone helps regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. The other choices, A: Lungs, C: Liver, and D: Pineal gland, do not secrete ADH. Lungs are responsible for gas exchange, the liver performs various metabolic functions, and the pineal gland regulates sleep-wake cycles through melatonin secretion. Therefore, the pituitary gland is the only gland among the options that secretes the antidiuretic hormone.
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is essential in regulating blood pressure. Which of the following hormones involved in RAAS is produced by the kidney?
- A. Renin
- B. Angiotensin I
- C. Angiotensin II
- D. Aldosterone
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: Renin is produced and released by the kidney in response to low blood pressure or low sodium levels. Renin initiates the RAAS cascade by converting angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II, leading to vasoconstriction and aldosterone release. Aldosterone, produced by the adrenal glands, promotes sodium and water retention. Therefore, choice A is correct as renin is the hormone produced by the kidney to regulate blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are downstream products of the RAAS cascade and are not directly produced by the kidney.