Nokea
The epiglottis?
- A. Closes trachea when swallowing
- B. Closes oesophagus during breathing
- C. Prevents the trachea from collapsing
- D. Closes the nasal cavity when swallowing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Closes trachea when swallowing. The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the airway. It ensures that food goes down the esophagus instead of the trachea. This action helps protect the respiratory system from aspiration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. B is incorrect because the epiglottis closes the trachea, not the esophagus, during swallowing. C is incorrect because the trachea is supported by rings of cartilage, not the epiglottis. D is incorrect because the epiglottis does not close the nasal cavity but rather the trachea.
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Which statement about catalysts is correct?
- A. They decrease the time taken for a reaction to finish and they are unchanged at the end of the reaction.
- B. They decrease the time taken for a reaction to finish and they are used up in the reaction.
- C. They increase the time taken for a reaction to finish and they are unchanged at the end of the reaction.
- D. They increase the time taken for a reaction to finish and they are used up in the reaction.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Catalysts decrease the activation energy required for a reaction, speeding up the reaction without being consumed in the process. They provide an alternative pathway for the reaction to proceed, facilitating the reaction without being altered themselves. This is why they are unchanged at the end of the reaction. Choice B is incorrect because catalysts are not used up in the reaction. Choices C and D are also incorrect as catalysts do not increase the time taken for a reaction to finish nor are they consumed in the reaction.
Mrs. K, diagnosed with hyperthyroidism, is receiving radioactive iodine therapy. Which of the following should be included in her teaching plan?
- A. You will need to take a thyroid hormone supplement after treatment.
- B. You may resume your usual activities immediately after treatment.
- C. You will need to avoid close contact with others for several days.
- D. You should increase your intake of iodized salt.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients receiving radioactive iodine therapy are often instructed to avoid close contact with others, as the treatment involves radioactive material that can be excreted in bodily fluids.
What gland is located just superior to the kidneys?
- A. Pituitary.
- B. Adrenal.
- C. Pancreas.
- D. ovaries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adrenal. The adrenal glands are located just superior to the kidneys. They are responsible for producing important hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. The pituitary gland (choice A) is located at the base of the brain, the pancreas (choice C) is located in the abdomen, and the ovaries (choice D) are located in the pelvic region. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not correspond to the anatomical location specified in the question.
The hypophyseal portal system transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the __________.
- A. parathyroid glands
- B. thyroid gland
- C. anterior pituitary gland (adenohypophysis)
- D. adrenal glands
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, the anterior pituitary gland. The hypophyseal portal system is a network of blood vessels that connects the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland. This system allows the hypothalamus to release hormones that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. The releasing and inhibiting hormones travel through this portal system directly to the anterior pituitary gland to exert their effects. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the hypophyseal portal system specifically targets the anterior pituitary gland, not the parathyroid glands, thyroid gland, or adrenal glands.
Which of the following hormones plays a key role in the development of the secondary sexual characteristics in the female?
- A. Adrenaline
- B. Glucagon
- C. Oestrogen
- D. Calcitonin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Oestrogen. Oestrogen is the primary female sex hormone responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of the reproductive system. Adrenaline (A) is a stress hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight responses. Glucagon (B) is a hormone that raises blood sugar levels. Calcitonin (D) is involved in regulating calcium levels in the body. These hormones do not play a direct role in the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.