Nokea
The house officer considers prescribing nadolol for a 53-year-old patient. Which of the following preexisting conditions (co-morbidities) would most likely contraindicate safe use of this drug?
- A. Angina pectoris, chronic-stable (effort-induced)
- B. Asthma
- C. Essential hypertension
- D. Heart failure, mild
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asthma. Nadolol is a non-selective beta-blocker, which can lead to bronchoconstriction and worsen asthma symptoms due to its effect on beta-2 receptors in the lungs. This can be dangerous for patients with asthma as it can exacerbate respiratory distress. Choices A, C, and D are not contraindications for nadolol as it can actually be beneficial in these conditions by reducing heart rate and blood pressure.
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Which of the Following Hormones Regulate Blood Sodium and Potassium Levels in the Body?
- A. Aldosterone
- B. Cortisol
- C. Glycogens
- D. Pheromones
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aldosterone is the correct answer as it specifically regulates blood sodium and potassium levels by acting on the kidneys to enhance sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Cortisol is a stress hormone, not directly involved in electrolyte regulation. Glycogens are stored glucose molecules, not hormones. Pheromones are chemical signals for communication, not involved in electrolyte balance.
Gastrin secretion is stimulated by all but:
- A. luminal peptides
- B. vagal discharge
- C. luminal acid
- D. phenylalanine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Gastrin secretion is primarily stimulated by luminal peptides and vagal discharge, which promote gastric acid secretion. Luminal acid, on the other hand, inhibits gastrin release as it acts as a negative feedback mechanism to regulate acid production. Phenylalanine does not directly stimulate gastrin secretion. Therefore, the correct answer is C as luminal acid inhibits, not stimulates, gastrin release. The other choices are incorrect because luminal peptides and vagal discharge are known stimulants of gastrin secretion, while phenylalanine does not have a direct effect on gastrin release.
The clinic nurse taught foot care to an outpatient diabetic. The nurse can evaluate the effectiveness of her teaching on his next visit by observing for
- A. colored socks
- B. corns
- C. straight toenails
- D. dermatophytosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Corns can indicate improper foot care, and this is a sign the patient may not be following the recommended foot care practices.
Tropic hormones:
- A. stimulate the pineal gland to secrete hormones
- B. stimulate the thymus gland to secrete hormones
- C. stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones
- D. stimulate nervous tissue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones. Tropic hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland and act on target glands to regulate the secretion of specific hormones. They help maintain homeostasis by controlling hormone levels in the body. Choices A and B are incorrect because tropic hormones do not target the pineal gland or thymus gland. Choice D is incorrect because tropic hormones primarily target endocrine glands, not nervous tissue. In summary, tropic hormones play a key role in regulating hormone production in other endocrine glands, making choice C the correct answer.
A 72-year-old woman is diagnosed with diabetes. What does the nurse recognize about the management of diabetes in the older adult?
- A. It is more difficult to achieve strict glucose control than in younger patients.
- B. It usually is not treated unless the patient becomes severely hyperglycemic.
- C. It does not include treatment with insulin because of limited dexterity and vision.
- D. It usually requires that a younger family member be responsible for care of the patient
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In older adults, achieving strict glucose control may be more difficult due to factors such as comorbidities, polypharmacy, and decreased physiological reserve.