Gastrointestinal Tract Questions and Answers PDF

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The outer layer of the GI tract is composed of connective tissue and a simple squamous epithelium. This tunic is called the tunica ______ and the simple squamous epithelium is called the ______.

  • A. adventitia, visceral peritoneum
  • B. serosa, visceral peritoneum
  • C. serosa, parietal peritoneum
  • D. adventitia, parietal peritoneum
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: serosa, visceral peritoneum. The outer layer of the GI tract is called the serosa, which is composed of connective tissue and a simple squamous epithelium known as the visceral peritoneum. The serosa helps to protect and support the GI tract.

A: adventitia, visceral peritoneum - Adventitia is a dense connective tissue layer found in structures that are not intraperitoneal, whereas the visceral peritoneum is specific to the peritoneal cavity.
C: serosa, parietal peritoneum - The parietal peritoneum is the outer layer of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity, not the outer layer of the GI tract.
D: adventitia, parietal peritoneum - Similar to choice A, the parietal peritoneum is not part of the outer layer of the GI tract.

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A nurse is planning care for a client who has diverticulitis. Which of the following menu selections should the nurse include in the plan?

  • A. Turkey sandwich with celery sticks
  • B. Sliced ham with green salad
  • C. Pork tenderloin with green peas
  • D. Grilled chicken breast with white rice
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because grilled chicken breast with white rice is a low-fiber, easily digestible option suitable for a client with diverticulitis. High-fiber foods like celery (choice A), green salad (choice B), and green peas (choice C) can worsen symptoms by irritating the inflamed diverticula. Pork tenderloin (choice C) is high in fat, which can be difficult to digest. Grilled chicken breast with white rice provides protein and carbohydrates without aggravating the condition.

Vomitting is not usually caused by:

  • A. Irritation if the duodenal mucosa
  • B. Diseases of the inner ear
  • C. Microbial toxins in the blood
  • D. Severe exercise
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diseases of the inner ear. Vomiting is primarily controlled by the vomiting center in the brainstem, which responds to various stimuli such as irritation of the duodenal mucosa (Choice A), microbial toxins in the blood (Choice C), and severe exercise (Choice D). Diseases of the inner ear do not directly trigger the vomiting reflex, making Choice B the correct answer.

Which lymphatic areas are most commonly the site of inflammation?

  • A. Peyer's patches
  • B. palatine tonsils
  • C. lingual tonsils
  • D. adenoids
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: palatine tonsils. Palatine tonsils are the most commonly inflamed lymphatic areas due to their location at the back of the throat where they can easily come into contact with pathogens. They play a crucial role in immune defense against infections. Peyer's patches are found in the small intestine and are involved in immune responses to pathogens in the digestive tract. Lingual tonsils are located at the base of the tongue and are less frequently inflamed compared to the palatine tonsils. Adenoids are located in the upper part of the throat behind the nose and are also less commonly inflamed than the palatine tonsils.

Peritonitis can occur as a complication of:

  • A. Septicemia
  • B. Multiple organ failure
  • C. Hypovolemic shock
  • D. Peptic ulcer disease
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Peritonitis can occur as a complication of septicemia because the infection can spread to the peritoneum, causing inflammation and infection. Septicemia is the presence of pathogenic organisms in the bloodstream, which can lead to systemic inflammation and infection throughout the body, including the peritoneum. In contrast, multiple organ failure, hypovolemic shock, and peptic ulcer disease are not direct causes of peritonitis. Multiple organ failure involves dysfunction of various organs, hypovolemic shock is caused by severe blood loss leading to inadequate perfusion, and peptic ulcer disease is related to the erosion of the stomach lining. Hence, the correct answer is A, as septicemia is a direct cause of peritonitis.

What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

  • A. Fatty acids
  • B. Amino acids
  • C. absorption-neet-mcq/ 7/13 1/17/25, 2:54 PM Digestion and Absorption NEET MCQ 2024
  • D. Glucose
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine is glucose. Carbohydrates are broken down into simple sugars like glucose during digestion. Enzymes in the small intestine, such as amylase, break down complex carbohydrates into glucose molecules, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream for energy. Fatty acids (A) are the final product of lipid digestion, while amino acids (B) are the final product of protein digestion. Choice C is irrelevant. In summary, glucose is the correct answer as it is the end product of carbohydrate digestion, while the other choices are related to different types of digestion products.

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